文档介绍：CHAPTER 5
anization Design
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anization Designs
Organization design: process in which managers develop/change anization’s structure
The six elements of structure
Work specialization
Chain mand
Span of control
Authority & responsibility
Centralization decentralization
departmentalization
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1. Work specialization
A job is broken down into a number of steps
Each step pleted by a separate individual
Individuals specialize in doing part of an activity, rather than the entire activity
Can lead to: boredom, fatigue, stress, low productivity,
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2. Chain mand
Early management writers said that an employee should only have one boss/superior to whom he/she is responsible
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3. Span of control
How many employees can a manager efficiently and effectively direct?
Early writers favored small spans of control (usually no more than six workers)
Contingency variable: span of control depends on the level of management
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4. Authority and responsibility
Authority: the rights inherent in a managerial position to give orders and expect them to be obeyed
Responsibility: an obligation to perform assigned activities
Types of authority:
Line authority – entitles a manager to direct the work of an employee
Staff authority – positions that support, assist, and advise the holders of authority
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… authority and power
Types of power
Coercive power: power based on fear
Reward power: based on ability to distribute something others value
Legitimate power: based on one’s position in formal hierarchy
Expert power: based on one’s expertise, special skills, or knowledge
Referent power: based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits
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5. Centralization decentralization
Centralization: when decision-making authority is k