文档介绍：Business Operation by Projects
Asbjørn ROLSTADÅS
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Department of Production and Quality Engineering
7491 Trondheim, Norway
E-mail: asbjorn.******@
Abstract 1. Competitive Business Strategies
Various business operation strategies such as lean During the last two decades the markets for industrial
manufacturing, globalisation, process orientation, etc goods have e saturated. After the Second World
have cost, market, organisation or business as focus War, there was a large demand for industrial goods of
areas. To operate business by projects may be a new almost any kind. For a good product at a right price,
business operation strategy. there was always a market. This has changed. Today
there are more products available than there is a need
To implement strategies, requires understanding of the for. A high-quality product at a reasonable price will
structure of the enterprise. In this respect an enterprise not automatically have a market. Of course this has
model is useful. A generic model has been developed led to a new and dramatically petitive
(figure 4). situation. Productivity petitive advantage has
e a major issue. Models for measurement of
There are similarities and differences between productivity within an enterprise has been developed
operations management and project management. (Porter 1980, Sink and Tuttle 1989, Bredrup 1995,
Operations management structures the work by means Andersen et al 1998) and the concept of bench-
of a bill of material, whilst project management uses a marking (Andersen and Pettersen 1994) has found
work breakdown structure (WBS). The project model wide application. Also at a national level, competitive
is finding wider application, also in repetitive advantage has developed into a major issue (Porter
production. 1990).
The future challenges are to simplify project planning The petitive situation has forced the
and control, to apply informati