文档介绍：建立和完善退耕还林生态补偿机制研究
探讨,指出激励不足是下一阶段生态补偿机制建设应着重注意的问题。另外,单
独分析了区际之间的补偿的缺乏。指出流域生态环境为人们的生存、发展提供不
可或缺的资源条件,流域生态服务在表现出不可分割的自然属性的同时,也显示
出外部性的特征。因此,从国家和全社会的整体利益出发,建立流域内行政区域
之间的生态补偿机制,从制度安排上矫正流域生态服务的外部性,可以激励生态
服务的有效供给。
论文第五部分为论文的核心内容,提出建立和完善退耕还林生态补偿机制的
原则,着重探讨了建立退耕还林生态补偿筹资机制的方法,分别考虑生态服务供
需双方的成本、受益,以所在地区发展水平和居民消费能力为主要指标确定各地
支付水平,建立补偿费的分摊模型,并且以我国 2002 年各省的 GDP、恩格尔系数
为依据计算出各省应在退耕还林生态建设补偿中所分摊额度,同时,也提出了构
建退耕还林生态补偿机制中的分配机制、运行机制、组织机制及其他配套机制的
设想。
论文第六部分对湖北省恩施市退耕还林实践进行了案例分析。通过对实地调
研情况分析,以退耕还林农户利益变动为重点,考察了该市退耕还林农户目前的
生活状况及补偿到期后预计收入来源、收入稳定程度、是否影响生计等情况,据
此提出了下一步退耕还林工程实施的建议。

关键词:生态环境建设;退耕还林;补偿机制

II
中南民族大学硕士学位论文

Abstract

The project of conversion of farmland to forests is one of the ponent of
ecological environment construction in China. Since the project was carried out, its
ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit have increasingly appeared.
However, some new problems have been exposed in the entire process of
implementation.
How to consolidate the current results, how to reach the goals of steadiness, no
rebound and being rich, and how to guarantee its sustainable development are the main
aspects in the next stage of the project.
The conversion of farmland to forests involves the four interest bodies including
the central government, local governments of ecological construction areas, local
governments of ecological beneficiaries and peasants. The massive capital input of the
central government has caused its insufficient funds, and each participant of conversion
of farmland to forests has appeared to be lack of incentive. Along with the increase of
people’s living conditions and enhanced awareness of people’s ecology, consuming
demand for ecology has been increased. However, from the aspects of the areas
returning farmland to forests and upstream areas, the cost of ecological construction is
higher than the ecological benefit they obtain from it. So practi