文档介绍：南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 I 摘要红外隐身技术通过降低或改变目标的红外辐射特征,实现对目标的低可探测性。由斯蒂芬- 波尔兹曼定律: M= εσ T 4可知,降低红外辐射强度的最有效的技术途径有两种:降低表面发射率和控制表面温度。本课题的目的在于制备具有低红外发射率和相变控温能力的石蜡基复合相变材料。以石蜡为相变材料,特殊形态 Al 粉为填料,制备具有低发射率的相变控温复合材料。对石蜡基复合材料的制备工艺参数进行优化设计;对石蜡基复合材料表征分析,测试其发射率性能,热性能和控温效果;对复合材料的低发射率性能和控温效果进行深入的研究, 理论验证了相变控温材料在控制红外热辐射方面的实际可行性。并制备定形石蜡解决了石蜡相变后易流淌的缺点。主要的研究结果和结论如下: 1 成功制备了具有低发射率和相变控温的石蜡基复合相变材料, 对复合材料的制备过程进行优化, 其中,填料添加量在 40% 时,涂层的红外发射率可达左右。分析了颜填料含量、粗糙度、涂层厚度的影响。 2 采用试板法测试了相变材料石蜡控温效果,分析了不同质量的石蜡、发射率不同的石蜡基复合相变材料、发射率相同的不同材料和双层材料的控温效果。研究结果表明,石蜡的用量越大、发射率高的石蜡基复合相变材料,其相变控温效果越好。当发射率一定时,石蜡基复合相变材料的控温效果优于聚氨酯复合材料。单双层石蜡的控温效果相似。 3 将红外发射率和相变控温实验结果结合斯蒂芬-玻耳兹曼定律探索了石蜡类相变控温材料用于红外隐身的可行性。研究结果表明,添加 40% 的 Al 粉得到的复合石蜡相变材料可以在理论上使其辐射能量至少降低 87% 。 4 采用熔融共混法制备一种均匀性和稳定性较好的定形石蜡。定形石蜡的相变温度为石蜡的相变温度,相变潜热随着石蜡含量的增大而增大,测量值与基于定形石蜡中对应石蜡含量的潜热计算值相当。石蜡含量为 80% 时制得的样品在相变时宏观形状不变。定形石蜡的质量损失率随石蜡含量的增大而增大,当石蜡质量分数为 75%时,其质量损失率增大 %。关键词: 石蜡;相变材料;红外发射率;相变控温;低辐射能量石蜡基复合相变材料的制备及其红外辐射性能研究 II Abstract Infrared stealth technology can protect vehicl es from infrared detection availably by reducing infrared radiation in tensity and changing infrared radiation property. From Stern-Boltzmann Law: M= εσ T 4, there are two methods which can reduce infrared radiation intensity effectively: reduce surface emissivity and control surface temperature. The purpose for this study is to prepare paraffin-posite which has low infrared emissivity and temperature cont rol capability. The phase-posite which has the properties of temperature co ntrol and low-emissivity was prepared by paraffin as phase change material and special morphology of Al as the filler. Meanwhile, the process parameters were optimized. After that the paraffin-posite was characterized, the properties of emissivity , thermal behavior and temperature control effect were tested. the papers also did furt her studies on low emissivity and temperature control effect posite, the result demons trated the feasibility of the use of phase transition temperature posite in infrar