文档介绍：Quantum Information Processing:
Cryptography, Computation, and Teleportation
TIMOTHY P. SPILLER
Present information technology is based on the laws of classical quanta of ic flux [9]-[l l]. In addition, considerable
physics. However, advances in quantum physics have stimulated progress has been made in atomic and laser physics [12].
interest in its potential impact on such technology. This article Single atoms or ions can be trapped and probed with electro-
is a reasonably introductory review of three aspects of quantum
information processing, cryptography, computation, and telepor- ic fields. Correspondingly, single photons (quantized
tation. In order to give a level of self-containment, I serve up hors excitations of the ic field) can be produced
d’oeuvres on the relevant parts of quantum physics and the sorts of trapped in cavities or as traveling quanta.
quantum systems which mightform the building blocksfor quantum One exciting aspect of ithis developing fundamental re-
processors. search is its technological potential. It could spawn what
Quantum cryptography utilizes states of individual quantum sys-
tems for the transfer of conventional classical bits of information. might be termed quantum information technology. In such
The impossibility of measuring quantum systems without disturb- a scenario, machines would process and exchange in-
ing them guarantees the detection of eavesdropping and hence formation according to the laws of quantum physics, in
secure information transfer is possible. In a sense, teleportation contrast to the workings of conventional information tech-
is the inverse of cryptography, using more robust classical bits to nology, where all this is, done classically. Information
faithfully transfer a quantum state through a noisy environment.
putation utilizes the evolving quantum state of a processing now plays a significant role in all of our lives.
complex system, which consists of many interactin