文档介绍：Ecological Footprints and Energy
MATHIS WACKERNAGEL and CHAD MONFREDA
Redefining Progress
Oakland, California, United States
can be used to weight productivity, including agricul-
1. Ecological Overshoot tural suitability, primary production, and
useful biomass extraction.
2. Conceptual Predecessors of the Ecological Footprint
3. Component- pound-Based Approaches
4. Method of National Ecological Footprint Accounting
The ecological footprint is a measurement that
5. Bioproductive Areas of the Ecological pares rates of human resource consumption
6. Fossil Energy and waste generation with the biosphere’s rates of
7. Nuclear Energy resource regeneration and waste assimilation, ex-
8. Renewable Energy pressed in terms of the area necessary to maintain
9. Energy Footprint of Preindustrial Society these flows. Ecological footprints represent the
10. Energy Footprint of Industrial Society biologically productive space required to produce
the resources and absorb the wastes of a given
population, organization, or product using prevailing
Glossary management and technology.
biocapacity The potential productivity of the biologically
productive space within a specified country, region, or
territory. 1. ECOLOGICAL OVERSHOOT
biologically productive space Areas of land and water
capable of supporting photosynthesis at sufficient rates to The nature of ecological limits may be one of the
provide economically useful concentrations of biomass. most influential misconceptions of the sustainability
Marginal and unproductive regions, such as deserts, debate. A former executive director of the United
tundra, and the deep oceans, are excluded. The global Nations (UN) Population Fund stated that ‘‘many
biologically productive space totals billion ha. environmentalists think [that the carrying capacity of
ecological deficit The amount by which the ecological
Earth] is 4 billion, maximum. But now we have 6
footprint of a population (.,