文档介绍：Chapter II Endocrine System
Section I Introduction to Endocrine System
冯鉴强教授
Endocrine and nervous systems plex body functions.
Classic distinction between these two is that the endocrine municates to distant tissues through blood-borne chemicals while the nervous municates to adjacent tissues by local chemical release.
Endocrine and Endocrine system
<1> Elicitation of endocrine concept
1855,Claud Benard: primary concept of endocrine: Liver cells release glucose into blood by a manner which is different from exocrine(外分泌)
1902~1905, Bayliss and Starling’ experiment: after the mucosa of small intestine with blood vessel and without nerves was stimulated by HCl solution, the secretion of pancreatic juice increased, but didn’t when the HCl solution was injected into blood.
Further demonstrated which was related to secretin(促胰液素) released by mucosa cells of small intestine.
1905, . Hardy produced a term: Hormone (激素)
Later, Penole elicited the concept of endocrinology (内分泌学)
Endocrine system
A signals transmission posing of classic endocrine glands and some tissues as well ans which have endocrine functions.
Endocrine cells secrete hormones → Change activities of target cell → produce physiological and biochemical responses (play a role in feedback)
Endocrine glands: anterior pituitary, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas gland, adrenal gland, gonadal glands (testes, ovaries), etc.
(Fig Ⅱ-1) and Table Ⅱ-1
Tissues ans with endocrine cells
For example: Placenta (hCG)
Mucosa of digestive tract
(gastrin, CCK, etc.)
myocardiac cells can contract and secret peptid substances(ANP, 心房钠尿肽)
Coordination of body functions by interplay of several types munication systems:
Neural: neurotransmitters are released at synaptic junctions and act locally to control cell function.
Endocrine: glands or specialized cells release into circulating blood chemicals that influence the function of cells at another long distance location(telecrine, 远距分泌 or hemocrine,血运分泌)
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