文档介绍：arXiv:cond-mat/0307004 v2 4 Jul 2003Ann. Henri Poincar′e 4 (2003) 1 – 22cBirkh¨auser Verlag, Basel, 20031424-0637/03/0401-22 $+ Henri Poincar′eMany-Body Physics: Un?nished RevolutionPiers study of many-body physics has provided a scienti?c playground ofsurprise and continuing revolution over the past half century. The serendipitousdiscovery of new states and properties of matter, phenomenasuch as super?uidity,the Meissner, the Kondo and the fractional quantum hall e?ects, have driven thedevelopment of new conceptual frameworks for our understanding about collectivebehavior, the rami?cations of which have spread far beyond the con?nes of terres-trial condensed matter physics- to cosmology, nuclear and particle physics. Here Ishall selectively review some of the developments in this ?eld, from the cold-warperiod, until the present day. I describe how, with the discovery of new classes ofcollective order, the unfolding puzzles of high temperature superconductivity andquantum criticality, the prospects for major conceptual discoveries remain as brighttoday as they were more than half a century Emergent Matter: a new FrontierSince the time of the Greeks, scholars have pondered over theprinciples thatgovern the universe on its tiniest and most vast scales. The icons that exemplifythese frontiers are very well known - the swirling galaxy denoting the cosmos andthe massive accelerators used to probe matter at essively smaller scales- fromthe atom down to the quark and beyond. These traditional frontiers of physics arelargely concerned with reductionism: the notion that once we know the laws ofnature that operate on the smallest possible scales, the mysteries of the universewill ?nally be revealed to us[1].Over the last century and a half, a period that stretches backto Darwin andBoltzmann- scientists have also e fascinated by another notion: the ideathat to understand nature, one also needs to understand and study the princi-ple