文档介绍：高分子材料加工技术 专业英语
高分子物理 高分子链的结构
Polymer Architecture
An important microstructural feature determining polymer prop高分子材料加工技术 专业英语
高分子物理 高分子链的结构
Polymer Architecture
An important microstructural feature determining polymer properties is the polymer architecture. The simplest polymer architecture is a linear chain: a single backbone with no branches.
参考译文：决定高分子性能的一个重要的微观结构特征是高分子的结构。最简单的高分子结构是线性长链：一条链没有支链
结构
支链
微观结构的
A branched polymer molecule is composed of a main chain with one or more substituent side chains or branches.
参考译文：支化的高分子是一条主链上有一或多个侧链或支链。
分子
聚乙烯短支链的形成
分子内链转移形成较多短支链
Special types of branched polymers include star polymers, comb polymers, brush polymers, dendronized polymers, ladders, and dendrimers.
参考译文：特殊的支化高分子包括星形、梳形、刷形、树枝形、梯形和树形高分子。
Branching of polymer chains affects the ability of chains to slide past one another by altering intermolecular forces, in turn affecting bulk physical polymer properties.
参考译文：支化高分子通过改变分子间作用力影响了分子链相互滑动的能力，进而影响了高分子的物理性能。
分子间作用力
Long chain branches may increase polymer strength, toughness, and the glass transition temperature due to an increase in the number of entanglements per chain.
参考译文：长支链使每个高分子链上的缠结数目增加，从而使高分子的强度、韧性和玻璃化转变温度增加。
强度
韧性
玻璃化转变温度
缠结
The effect of such long-chain branches on the size of the polymer in solution is characterized by the branching index. Random length and atactic short chains, on the other hand, may reduce polymer strength due to disruption of organization and may likewise reduce the crystallinity of the polymer.
参考译文：长支链在溶解的高分子尺寸上的作用采用支化因子来表征。另一方面，无规的短支链由于扰乱结构可能会降低高分子的强度，而且很可能会降低高分子的结晶度。
无规的
结晶度
A good example of this effect is related to the range of physical attributes of polyethylene. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) has a very low degree of branching, is quite stiff, and is used in applications such as milk jugs.
参考译文：支化作用的典型例子是支化对聚乙烯物理性能的影响。高密度聚乙烯支化低很低，非常坚硬，可以用作奶壶。
HDPE
坚硬的
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), on the other hand, has significa