文档介绍：本章重点
国际贸易术语的概念及其作用
国际贸易惯例的特点
Chapter 1 International Trade Terms
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引例
1、我方拟出口一批滑石,于2000年2月向香港客商报价USD80/MT CIFHK。客商回电表示同意我方价格,但要求将贸易术语改为FOBHK,即要求USD80/MTFOBHK。
分析我方是否可以接受?
思考:交易磋商时应就哪些内容进行磋商?是否每次都要磋商?
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2、One import and pany exported his goods under the CIF term. The seller delivered the goods on board the vessel on time and prepared all necessary documents. But the vessel stranded and sank in a few hours after departure. The next day, when the seller asked for payment with full set of documents in conformity with the contract, the buyer refused to accept the documents and rejected payment because his goods have been lost. Is it reasonable for the buyer to do so? Why?
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当事人磋商时应考虑的重要问题
delivery
risk
transport、insurance and custom formalities
expenses
documents
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1. Meanings and role of trade terms
Trade terms are standardized terms used in sales contracts that describe the place and manner for transfer of goods from the seller to the buyer. They are to divide the liabilities and costs between the sellers and buyers.
贸易术语是在长期的国际贸易实践中产生的,用来标明商品的价格构成,说明交接过程中有关的风险、责任和费用划分问题的专门用语。P16
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2. International Trade Usages
国际贸易惯例是国际组织或者权威机构为了减少贸易争端、规范贸易行为,从长期的、大量的贸易实践的基础上总结,并在实践中不断地修改和丰富其内容的基础上制定出来的,它不是法律,没有法律的强大的约束力。
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特点:第一,国际贸易惯例并非是法律,因此,对买卖双方没有约束性,可采用也可不采用; 第二,如果,买卖双方在合同中明确表示采用某种惯例时,则被采用的惯例对买卖双方均有约束力; 第三,如果合同中明确采用某种惯例,但又在合同中规定与所采用的惯例相抵触的条款,只要这些条款与本国法律不矛盾,就将受到有关国家的法律的承认和保护,即以合同条款为准。第四,如果合同中既未对某一问题做出明确规定,也未订明采用某一惯例,当发生争议付诸诉讼或提交仲裁时,法庭和仲裁机构可引用惯例作为判决或裁决的依据。
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Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932(CIF)
Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941
Ex Point of Origin(产地交货)
Free on Board(在运输工具上交货)
Free Along Side(在运输工具旁交货)
Cost and Freight(成本加运费)
Cost, Insurance and Freight(成本、保险费加运费)
Ex Dock(目的港码头交货)
INCOTERMS 2000/1990(International Rules
for the Interpretation of Trade Terms)
(International Chamber merce,ICC)
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E组
EXW Ex Works
工厂交货
F组
主运费
未付
FCA Free Carrier
FAS Free Alongside Shi