文档介绍：’,:PerformanceandPrice-:-,puterthathasmoreperformance,moremainmemory,puterboughtin1980for$,progressaris-,bothforcesmadeamajorcontribution;puterdesignersbecamelargelydependentuponin-,performancecontinuedtoimproveatabout25%to30%putersthatdomi-—roughly35%-producedmicroprocessor,,,thevirtualeliminationofassemblylanguageprogram-mingreducedtheneedforobject-,thecreationofstandardized,vendor-independentoperatingsystems,suchasUNIXanditsclone,Linux,-tures,calledRISC(puter)architectures,-basedmachinesfocusedtheattentionofdesignersontwocriti-calperformancetechniques,theexploitationofinstruction-levelparallelism(ini-tiallythroughpipeliningandlaterthroughmultipleinstructionissue)andtheuseofcaches(aniza-tionsandoptimizations).anizationalen-hancementshasledto20yearsofsustainedgrowthinperformanceatanannualrateofover50%.,ithassignifi--tions,