9非谓语动词.ppt

文档介绍：9 非谓语动词性质非谓语动词具有动词的特点,但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用,充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语,即: 除谓语以外的一切成分。形式 1、不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。 2 、动名词相当于名词。充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。分词 3 、相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。包括现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词时态&语态对照表及物与不及物语态类别时态 vt. vi. 主动语态被动语态主动语态 ing 一般式:(与谓语动词同时发生) making being made going 完成式:(先于谓语动词发生) having made (不作定语) having been made (不作定语) having gone (不作定语) ed 只有一般式:不强调时间先后, 只说明原因、条件等× made( 表被动) gone( 表完成) inf 一般式:与谓语动词(几乎)同时发生 to make to be made to go 完成式:先于谓语动词发生 to have made to have been made to have gone 进行式:在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行 to be making × to be going 非谓语动词可作的语法成分成份类别主语宾语表语定语宾补状语时间条件原因目的结果方式让步伴随不定式××× 现在分词×××× 过去分词×××× 动名词× × 不定式 1. 不定式作主语: To master a foreign language is very important. 注意: (1) 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的, 可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。 It is easy for the students to read. (2) 下列形容词作表语时,不定式前常加一个 of 引起的短语,这些形容词是: (表评价性的,来说明逻辑主语的性质、特征、属性) kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite, naughty 等 It’ s kind of you to think so much of us. 2. 不定式作表语 Her work is to look after the children. 注意: 不定式作 be 动词的表语时,可以和主语部分调换,说明主语的内容。 : 有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有: want, demand, hope, wish, expect, like, hate , start, begin, fail, help, offer, try, manage, pretend, forget, remember, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine, prefer, intend 等注意: 如果作宾语的不定式有自己的补语,须用先行词 it 作间接宾语,而将真正的宾语不定式后置。这类动词有: think, find, feel, consider, make 等。例如: The computer makes it possible to calculate faster. 不定式一般不能作介词的宾语,只有在极少数介词(如: but, except 等)后才行,此时不定式可带 to 或不带 to。例如: He es except to look at my pictures.