文档介绍：Human anatomy
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
扈燕来
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办公室：1105
Basic Concepts of Anatomy
Definition: human anatomy,of spongy bone is called the diploe 板障
骨膜:
Outer or fibrous layer
Inner layer is vascular and provides the underlying bone with nutrition. 成骨细胞
marrow 骨髓
Red marrow 红骨髓: 造血
Yellow marrow黄骨髓: fatty
Chemical composition and physical properties化学成分和物理性质
有机质：
主要是骨胶原纤维束和粘多糖蛋白。构成支架，赋予骨的弹性和韧性。
无机质：
主要是碱性磷酸钙。赋予骨硬度和脆性
有机质
无机质
Children
1
1
Adult
3
7
Old
1
4
Bones of trunk 躯干骨
Composition: vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, sternum and ribs
Vertebrae 椎骨
There are 33 vertebrae in children , arranged as follows:
Cervical vertebrae 颈椎
Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎
Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎
Sacral vertebrae 骶椎 sacrum 骶骨
Coccygeal vertebrae 尾椎 ~4 coccyx尾骨
General features of vertebrae
Vertebral body 椎体
Vertebral arch 椎弓
pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根: sup. and inf. Vertebral notch
椎上、下切迹
lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板
process (7):
spinous process 棘突
transverse process 横突
sup. and inf. articular processes
上、下关节突
Vertebral foramen 椎孔
Vertebral canal 椎管
Intervertebral foramen 椎间孔
Regional variations of vertebrae
Characteristics of Cervical vertebrae
Body: small , ellipse
foramen: larger and triangular
processes:
short and bifid in C2 to C6
processes:
transverse foramen横突孔
processes: horizontal
Atypical vertebeae
Atlas寰椎 (C1)
Body, articular processes and spinous process absent, consists of anterior and posterior arches, and two lateral masses.
齿突凹dental fovea
上关节面 下关节面
Groove for vertebral artery 椎动脉沟
Axis枢椎 (C2): distinguished by dens齿突 which articulates with dental fovea of anterior arch of atlas
Carotid tubercle:颈动脉结节: anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6
Vertebra prominens 隆椎(C7):contains long and non-bifid spinous process, it is visible with neck fle