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new dictionary of the history of ideas
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EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor in Chief
Maryanne Cline Horowitz, Occidental College
University of California, Los Angeles
Associate Editors
Jonathan Berkey, Davidson College
Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, New York University
Benjamin A. Elman, Princeton University
e Esenwein, University of Florida, Gainesville
Cary J. Nederman, Texas A&M University
Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis, University of Florida, Gainesville
Neferti Tadiar, University of California, Santa Cruz
Mary J. Weismantel, Northwestern University
Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, Pennsylvania State University
Advisors
Diane Apostolos-Cappadona, etown University
Edwina Barvosa-Carter, University of California, Santa Barbara
Nupur Chaudhuri, Texas Southern University
Kostas Gavroglu, University of Athens, Greece
Donald R. Kelley, Rutgers University
Zine Magubane, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
J. B. Schneewind, Johns Hopkins University
Blair Sullivan, University of California, Los Angeles
Reed Ueda, Tufts University
Librarian Advisory Board
Mary W. e, Princeton University
Suzy Szasz Palmer, University of Louisville
Editorial Assistant
Lisa Griffin
ii New Dictionary of the History of Ideas
Volume4 10/6/04 11:50 AM Page 3
new dictionary of the history of ideas
maryanne cline horowitz, editor in chief
volume 4
Machiavellism to Phrenology
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New Dictionary of the History of Ideas
Maryanne Cline Horowitz, Editor in Chief
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