文档介绍：第一章
知识要点：
翻译：是一种语言转换活动
刘宓庆在《现代翻译理论》中将“语际意义”概括为六种：概念（主题）意义、语境意 义、形式意义、形象意义、文化意义。
美国翻译理论学家奈达将翻译的意义概括成：语义和问题。 “translate elegance than precision, stiled Willoughby called at cottage early the next morning to make his personal inquiries. 玛丽安的救命恩人 （这是玛格丽特对威洛比言过其实的美称）,第二天一早一早就到乡舍来问安.
Mr. Collins had a compliment, and an allusion to throw in here, which were kindly smiled on the mother and ，柯林斯先生赶忙恭维了一句，还暗示了一下原因，母女 俩听了，都粲然一笑.
He emerged on January 31 to go to Deli for the conference which, however negative from his point of view, at least provided the occasion for his bath in 29 days. 一月三十一日，史迪威公 开露面，,至少为他提供了一个29天 以来第一次洗澡的机会.
“And you are my uncle, then!" she cried, reaching up to salute him. “这么说，你是我姑父啦," 她嚷道，走到他跟前，亲吻了他一下.
Clare stood still, and inclined his face towards hers.
“Oh, Tessy" he exclaimed.
The girl's cheeks burned to the freeze, and she could not look into his eyes for the emotion. 克莱站住了脚，把脸贴向苔丝的脸•—哦,苔丝! ” 息,脸上给烧得火辣辣的，她心神摇荡，不敢在盯着克莱的眼睛了.
... the fate of men is as grim and bleak as the fate of women. Toilers and warriors. 男人的命 ，当炮灰.
...in 1873 Strauss appropriated and patented the gimmick- and hired Davis as a regional manager. 1873年,施劳特斯采纳了这一小发明，出资位置申请了专利-并雇用戴维斯做一 地区经理.
When to those recollections was added the development of Wickham 's character, it may be easily believed that the happy spirit which had seldom been depressed before, were now so much affected as to make it almost impossible for her to appear tolerably cheerful. 一丽莎白 虽说一向性格开朗，难得有意志消沉的时候，但是一想起这些事，加上渐渐认清了威客姆的 真面目,心里难免受激，因而连强作欢颜也办不到了，这是可想而知的.
I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last men in the world whom I could ever be prevailed on to ,就觉得哪怕我一辈子 找不到男人,也休想让我嫁给你.
A difficulty of arranging their lips in this crude exposure to public scrutiny, an inability to balance their heads. was apparent in them...显然，要在大厅广众面前抛头露面，她们一个
个不知道嘴唇应该做出什么样的形态，脑袋应该摆出怎样的姿势...
O Captain! My Ca