文档介绍：A Brief Introduction to the History of Translation in China
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Ancient Times
Zhou Dynasty
《周礼·秋官》
“胥,掌蛮夷闽貉戎狄之国使,掌传王之言而喻说焉,以和亲之。若以时入宾,则协其礼与其言辞传之。”
《礼记·王制》
“五方之民,言语不通,嗜欲不同。达其志,通其欲,东方曰‘寄’,南方曰‘象’,西方曰‘狄鞮’,北方曰‘译’。”
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Five Phases
1. Translation of Buddhist scripture(2nd~11th century)
2. Early translation of Bible and western sci-tech works (17th~18th: to the end of the Ming Dynasty)
3. Modern introduction of western thoughts through translation (19th~mid-20th)
4. Translation of Russian works (1950s)
5. Translation boom since 1980s
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Representative translators of each phase
1. Translation of Buddhist scripture(2nd~11th century)
climax: Tang Dynasty
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玄奘(约600~664 )
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nese/
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玄奘的“既须求真,有须喻俗”和“五不翻”
玄奘被认为是我国古代翻译界的巨星,他与鸠摩罗什、真谛并称我国佛经的三大翻译家。他是我国第一位把中国文化典籍向国外介绍的人。他的翻译原则意即“忠实、通顺”,直到今天仍有指导意义。
玄奘的“不翻”,就是用音译(transliteration)。有五种情况:一、神秘语;二、多义词;三、中国没有的物名;四、久已通行的音译;五、为宣扬佛教需要的场合。如“般若”一词显得庄重,“智慧”就显得轻浮了。
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2. Early translation of Bible and western sci-tech works (17th~18th: to the end of the Ming Dynasty)
Matteo i利玛窦(1552~1610)
born Oct. 6, 1552, Macerata, Papal States died May 11, 1610, China
Italian Jesuit missionary
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明徐光启和意大利人利玛窦合作翻译欧几里德的《几何原本》、《测量法义》等书(co-operated in translation of Euclid‘s Elements)。
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co-operation in translation of Euclid's Elements
terms: 点、线、直线、曲线、平行线、角、直角、锐角、钝角、三角形、四边形……
Later introduced into Japan, Korea and other Asian countries.
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