文档介绍：河北大学
硕士学位论文
朱子“持敬”思想探析
姓名:李月芳
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:中国哲学
指导教师:刘京菊
20100601
摘要
摘要
“敬”是中国自古就存在的一种对天命的敬畏和谨慎的态度,早在上古时期“敬”
的思想已经存在,有正式的文字记载在周代,体现的是一种对上帝和天命的敬畏和恭敬,
是由“天命靡常”引发而来的忧患意识。经由孔子等儒家圣人的传承,“敬”不再仅仅
是一种忧患意识,而且也成为一种心性修养的方法。到宋明时期,心性的修养更加受到
重视,“敬”也更受理学家们的重视。经由二程到湖湘学派和道南学派,最后归于朱熹
而集两派之大成自成一家。二程之后,“持敬”说沿着两个方向传习下来:一是由程门
弟子杨时经罗从彦到李侗的体验未发的路线,一是由胡宏至张拭的察知已发的路线。朱
熹在继承前人学识理论的基础上,形成自己的“持敬”的理论。他把“敬”抬到一个非
常重要的位置,认为“敬”是“一心之主宰而万事之本根”。更强调“敬”就是“畏”
之意,“敬”的持守要做到“收敛”、“主一”、“常惺惺”,“敬”在朱子哲学思想的体系
中不是孤立的,是与其他的理论范畴紧密联系在一起的。与“诚”、“义”、“和乐”、“仁”
等哲学范畴构成了朱子的心性修养的哲学体系。朱子的心性修养的本质是“涵养须用敬,
进学则在致知”,而持敬与致知的关系,朱子又有“未有致知而不在敬者”之说。
朱子的“持敬”说,对后世产生了深刻而广泛的影响。它的影响不仅对于南宋以后
的中国,包括朱子的弟子们以及他同时代的学者们,甚至还对朝鲜和日本哲学的发展奠
定了深厚的基础,开创了他们国家的哲学盛世。同时朱子的“持敬”说,还具有非常重
要的现实意义,对现今的中国乃至世界仍有重要的现实意义。
在前人的研究成果的基础上,本文提出了新的看法,认为朱子的“敬”的涵义是“畏”,
“敬”的工夫是“收敛身心”、“主一”、“常惺惺”等。

关键字朱子持敬未发已发
I
Abstracts
Abstracts
The idea of “Jing” was an attitude of awe and caution to “heaven” in China since
ancient times. In ancient times there was the idea of “Jing”, but the word of “Jing”
originated from Zhou dynasty in the formal written records, It show that the capricious
mandate of heaven. Through the transmission of Confucius and other Confucian sages, the
idea of “Jing” not just an attitudes of awe to “heaven”, but also e a cultivation with
the art of respect. To the Song period, Mind Cultivation was more attention for everyone. So
the idea of “Jing” was more attention for Neo-Confucian. Through the transmission of
Chengyi and Chenghao to Daonan School and Huxiang School to Zhuzi, and Zhuzi made his
own School. Following Chenghao and Chengyi, from Beisong dynasty to Nansong dynasty,
the theory of art of respect was handed down along two lines: The one was the line
advocating quiet from Yangshi through Luocongyan to Litong. This one was “realize no
stirring”. The other was the line advocating act from Huhong to Zhangshi. This one was
“experience of stirring”. Zhuzi evolved his theory of the art of r