文档介绍：西北师范大学
硕士学位论文
王阳明心学"意"范畴研究
姓名:马关泉
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:中国哲学
指导教师:李朝东
2009-05
摘要

王阳明是明代心学大师,他的哲学思想主要体现在“心即理”、“心外无物”、
“致良知”这些哲学命题中。“意”作为阳明心学中一个极其重要的范畴贯穿于
阳明哲学思想的始终。阳明的“意”范畴继承于《大学》的“诚意”思想,又在
心学的大框架下做了新的诠释。“意”是由心(良知)发动产生的,是沟通心与
物的桥梁,对“物”王阳明也做了不同以往的解释:“物即事也”。阳明用“意”
消解了客观世界与主观世界的分立,将自在世界纳于意义世界的笼罩之下,呈显
了心学的内向型品质,并用心体(良知)的自明性保证了“意”范畴的伦理优先
性。这种优先性是通过“诚”的工夫实现的,诚意的目的是最终达到“致良知”,
将至善的心体完全的呈现出来,这样又回到了“心”这个认识的根据和出发点,
所不同的是由于“意”的介入虚明灵觉的“心”由最初的为私欲所遮蔽到最终的
朗照于万事万物。如此的一条认识路线就是心—意—物—知的这样一个逻辑认知
顺序,但在实际践履中各种工夫又是融为一体的,都是为了体认心体的良知服务
的。“意”沟通了心体与工夫,在进行各种道德意识的践履过程中,实现了反观
本心为善去恶的目的。对阳明“意”范畴的研究将有助于人们对阳明心学的理解
和自身良知的体认。

关键词:王阳明; 意; 心; 物; 良知

II
Abstract

Wang Yangming is Ming Dynasty mind study master, his philosophic thinking mainly
manifests in “the mind is th principle”, “outside the mind does not have nothing”, “ the extention
of innate knowledge” in these philosophy proposition. “Intention” takes engages in introspection
positive study an extremely important category ration in the yangming philosophic thinking
throughout. Yangming′s “Intention” the category inherits in <The Old Text of the Great
Learning> thought that also has made the new annotation under mind study big frame.
“Intention” is (conscience) starts by the heart to produce, is the ditch is hollow with the thing
bridge, right “the thing” Wang Yangming has also made the explanation which differs from the
past: “the thing is the matter also”. Used “Intention” to dispel the objective world and the one's
subjective world separation brightly, accepted fortable world under significance world
covering, assumed obviously heart's study internally oriented quality, and attentively body
(conscience) the self explanatory has guaranteed “Intention” the category ethics priority. This kind
of priority is passes “honestly” the free time realizes, the sincerity goal is achieves finally “sends
the conscience”, entire presents the ultimate good heart sleeve, like this r