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The
characteristics
of
EnglishWriting
developedregionstomoderizeandcatchupwiththecoastalprovinces.
’sthecriticalreadingandcriticalthinking
Whatiscriticalreading(orreadingwithacriticaleye)?Itisreadingnotonlyforcomprehension,butalsotoanalyzethevaluesandassumptionsembodiedinthetextsandexaminetheirhistorical,culturalaswellasliterarycontexts.
Whatiscriticalthinking?Inthinkingcriticallyaboutanyessueofcertaincomplexity,youneedtobewillingtoseeitfromdifferentperspectives,tofaceobjectionstoyourownbeliefs,-perspective,analytic,andevaluativethinking,,toyourownsurprise,adoptingapositionthatyouinitiallycouldn’-mindedinquiry.
-nativespeakersofEnglishtendtobeoverlyconcernedwithbe
,itisworthrepeatingherethatgoodwritingisnotgoodgrammar.
Actually,,youshouldbemuchmoreconcernedwithhigher-level,moreimportantissuesofEnglishwriting.
Englishwritinginvolvesthoughtfulrevision
Thenecessityofthoughtfulrevision
,thegreatmodernChinesewriter,forexample,,youwillneedtorevisewhatyouhavewritten.
Byrevision,ofcourse,wedonotmeansimplyeditingandproof-
(meaning“large”inGreekorigin)revision,youlookatthewholeessayintermsofsuchdeterminingfactorsasyoursubject,audience,andpurpose,(meaning“small”initsGreekorigin)revision,youworkattheparagraphandsentencelevelstobringclarityandcoherencetoyourwriting.
Englishwritingisdirctedtowardanaudience
,structure,andstyleofyourwritingevenifyouarewritingaboutexactlythesametopic.
Let’sayyouwanttowriteapaperanalyzingwhyterroristschosetohijackpassengerplanestohittheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkandthePentagoninWashington,,’,Iraq,andotherIslamiccoutries.
Let’stakeSARS(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome),causes,andpreventionmeasuresto1)foreigntourists;2)elementaryschoolstudents;3)averagecityresidents;4)medicalpersonnelinvolvedinSARS-,butwouldyouwriteexactlythesamewaytothefourdifferentgroupsofaudience?
,itisnecessarytositdownandanalyzeyouraudienceintermsoftheirknowledge,values,assumptions,.
Thisisaveryimportantconceptbecausedifferentaudiencescanimpactandshapeyourwritingsignificantlyintermsofcontent,structure,andstyle,,explainingthecharacterofLuXun’sAhQtocollege-,muchmorebackgroundinformationaboutLuXunandthesocialandhistoricalenvironmentinwhichhecreatedthecharacterwouldneedtobeprovidedbeforeyoucouldproceedtoanymeaningfuldiscussion
.Foranacademicpaper—oranywritingforthatmatter—tobeeffective,:
1)AudienceandAuthorsocialrelations
2)Audience’sknowledgeaboutyoursubject
3)Audience’sattitudestoorviewpointsonthesubjectandyourpositioninthewriting
Wheneveryouwrite,youwriteforapurpose,?Itcouldbe:
Toinformreadersofthemeritsandproblemsofthisnewsystem
Tomakepeopleawareofthefinancialdifficultiesofstudentsfromlow-incomefamiliesandruralandlessdevelpedareas
Tosuggestcertainchangestofine-tunethesystemsothatthesestudentswillnotbepricedoutofhighereducation
Adifferentpurposewilldifinitelyhaveadifferentimpactonyourwriting.
,youwouldwantyouraudiencetothinkthatyouareknowledgeable,intelligent,andwell-,stupidandnotknowingwhatyouaretalkingabout?
Butyoumayassumedifferentrolesfordifferentpiecesofwritingdependingonsuchdeterminingfactorsasthesubject,audience,,,forexample,youcanwriteasacollegestudentwhohasfirst-handexperience(aninsider’sview);asaparentwithaloworaverageincomewhoseesamuchlargerpictureandmakessomerelevantpolicyrecommendations.