(完整word版)吴伟仁的英国文学史及选读.pdf

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HistoryandAnthologyofEnglishLiterature
PartOneTheAnglo-SaxonPeriod
Beowulf
Questions:
,
and______________.

wealthofanewlanguage.
?AndWhatisBeowulf?
?
?AndwhatistheresultofGrende'lsfightwithBeowulf?
?
Keypointsofthispart:
ThemostimportantworkofoldEnglishliteratureisBeowulf-----thenationalepic
,perhapsthegreatestGermanicepic
andcontainsevidentlypre-Christianelementsexistingatfirstinanoraltradition,the

.,
consistingaltogetherof3183lines.
TherearethreeepisodesrelatedtothecareerofBeowulf:
,Grendel.
'smother,astillmorefrightfulshe-monster.
.
Thesignificanceliesinthevividportrayalofagreatnationalhero,whoisbrave,
courageous,selfless,andeverhelpfultohispeople.
Therearethreeimportantfeatures::
(wordsbeginningwiththesameconsonantsound).Thisischaracteristic
ofalloldEnglishverse.

toserveasindirectmetaphorsthataresometimesverypicturesque.,.“riging-
giver”isusedforKing;“hearth-companions“forhisattendantwarriors;“Whale's
road”forthesea;“spe-afrighter”:
“nottroublesome”forwelcome;“neednotpraise”
isoftenregardedascharacteristicoftheEnglishpeopleandtheirlanguage.
:theobservingofomen,cremation,blood-
revenge,andthepraiseofworldlyglory.
:.
PartTwoTheAnglo-NormanPeriod(1066---1350)
Questions:

language?
?
?
?WhydidhecutGawainthreetimesandwhydid
Gawainfeelshame?
?
?
MedievalLiteratureAnglo-NormanPeriod
Thereareafewoccurrencesofhistoriceventsthatshouldbekeptinmind:
1)TheEstablishmentoftheFeudalSystem
2)The1381peasantUprising----WattTylerofKent:100000peoplemarchedon
London,destroyedmanor-houses,burntcourtpaper---recordsoftheirbondageand
demandedtheabolitionofserfslaveryandageneralpardon.
3)TheLaunchingoftheCrusades:aseriesofwarsbetweenChristiansandMuslims
thatlastedfor170years.
4)TheSigningoftheMagnaCarterin1215bywhichKingJohnwasforcedto
recognizetherightsofthepowerfulbarons.
5)TheWarwithFranceortheHundredYears'W(a1r337-1453)
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
OneimportantstoryintheArthurianlegendhasbeenrefinedindetailina


towardstheendofthe14thcentury(about1375)asanevidentefforttoextolSir
Gawainandhisknightlyvirtuesofloyalty,valor,rectitude,
isanuprightknight,everreadytoupholdtheidealsofKingArthur'
Christmas,asthestorygoes,aknightallingreenappearsatcourtandchallenges
thekingtocutoffhisheadontheconditionthathecomestomeethiminoneyear's

,SirGawain
.
ThelordinvitesSirGawaintogohuntingwithhim,buttheknightpreferstostayat


adeer,whileSirGawainisunderthelady'
givehalfofhistrophyintheeveningtoSirGawaininreturnforhisbriefkissonhis
.
Whenthethirdeveningcomes,thelordgetsthreekissesforhalfofhisfox'sskin,Sir:.
Gawainhavingwithheldthegirdlethattheladyhasforcedonhimforhissafety.
ThenthedaycomestomeettheGreenKnight,whoturnsouttobethelordofthe

theGreenKnightonlycutsascratchonhisneck,sayingthathewouldnoteven

'scourt.
SirGawainandtheGreenKnightisa4-partworkof2,530linesin101sections.
Partone(-490)dealswiththebeheading;parttwo(-1125)tellsofthelong
andarduoustripGawainmakestothecastle;partthree(-1996)relatesthe
threedayshespendsinabargainwiththelord;andpartfour(-2530)wraps
uphistripwithhisfinalencounterwiththeGreenKnightandtheanti-climatic




Gawainisnotpresentedasarigidheroictypebutasahumanbeingwithhisworries

secondpartofthepoem,servesinfactasameansofexternalizingthecomplex
,SirGawain'shidingofthe
girdle,whichtheladysayscanprotecthimformharm,isanicetourdeforcetothrow
theman''bargaining,whichrevealsthe
natureofthetemptationsthatputSirGawain'sintegrityintoastrenuoustest—the
lady''soffensive,the
huntingservesasanaptfoil—deer(timidity).Theboar(thewildandaggressive),
andthefox(thecunning).


,thereisalsoan



ofhispersonalityisachievedbyasubtlyimbeddedirony,agood-naturedsatirical
edge,againstchivalry.
SirGawainandtheGreenKnightsharesquiteafewbasicfeatureswithOld

alliteration,,itisless
approachablethanChauce',amoderntranslationis
dispensable.
PartIII
GeoffreyChaucer(1340----1400):.
Warming-upactivityforpre-reading
:
,the“”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoets
ofEngland,wasborninLondoninabout1340.
'smasterpieceis__,oneofthemostfamousworksinall
literature.
,
anditcomprisesgroupofvividpicturesofvariousmedievalfigures.

picturesquepanoramaof_____.
”wherewearetold
ofacompanyofpilgrimsthatgatheredat___InninSouthwark,asuburb
ofLondon.
,TheCanterburyTalesinfactcontainsageneral
Prologue"andonly____tales,ofwhichtwoareleftunfinished.
:
“fatherofEnglishpoetry”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsof
England?
a)ChristopherMarlowb)GeoffreyChaucerc)W.
Shakespeare
,Chaucerwasburiedin___thePo'Corner
a)WestminsterAbbeyb)Normandyc)Canterbury
:
?:.
TheEnglishwhichwasusedfromabout1100---1500iscalledMiddleEn
glish,andthegreatestpoetofthetimewasGeoffreyChaucer.

hewasbornacommoner,amerchantfamily,hedidnotliveasacommoner;
andalthoughhewasacceptedbythearistocracy,hemustalwayshavebee
nconsciousofthefactthathedidnotreallybelongtothatsocietyofwhich

regardedlifeintermsofaristocraticideals,butheneverlosttheabilityof

anddetachedfromagivensituationispeculiarlyChaucer'.
TheinfluenceofRenaissancewasalreadyfeltinthefieldof
EnglishliteraturewhenChaucerwaslearningfromthegreatItalian
th

affirmedman'righttopursueearthlyhappinessandopposedasceticism;he
praisedmansenergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife;heexposeand
satirizedthesocialvices,
thoughessentiallystillamedievalwriter,Chaucerbore[
';marksofhumanismandparticipatedaneweratocome.
Fromhisbirthtohisdeath,Chaucerdealtcontinuallywithallsorts
ofpeople,thehighestandthelowest,andhisobservantmindmadethemost
ofthisever-
andideas,,
Chaucerexploresthethemeoftheindividual'srelationtothesocietyin:.
whichhelives;heportraysclashesofcharacters'temperamentsandtheir
conflictsovermaterialinterests,healsoshowsthecomicandironiceffects
obtainablefromtheclassdistinctionsfeltbythenewlyemergedbourgeoisie
asinthecaseoftheWifeofBathwhoisdepictedasthenewbourgeoiswife
,Chaucerdevelopshischaracterization
toahigherartisticlevelbypresentingcharacterswithbothtypicalqualities
andindividualdisposition.
Chaucerdominatedtheworksofhis15th-centuryEnglishfollowersand
theso-calledScottishChauceriansFortheRenaissance,hewastheEnglish
;many
Shakespeare'splaysshowthoroughassimilationasChauce'srcomicspirit.
Today,Chaucer'reputationhasbeensecurelyestablishedasoneofthebest
Englishpoetsforhiswisdom,humor,
altogetherabout17000lines,abouthalfofChaucer'sliteraryproduction
Chaucer'sbest-knownworkTheCanterburyTaleswaswritteninthelast14years
ofthepoet',thepoemwastobeacollectionof
somethinglikeahundredandtwentytales,butitwasnotcompleteduponhis
death,andcontains,aswehaveitnow,ageneralPrologueandonlytwenty-four
tales,
comprehensivepictureofthesocialconditionsoffourteenth-centuryEngland.
ThegeneralPrologue,servesasageneralintroductiontothecollectionof
,preparingtogoonapilgrimageshrineofSt.
ThomasaBecketatCanterbury,meetsattheTabardInninaLondonsuburb
twenty-
descriptionsofthepilgrimsoneafteranother,revealingnotonlytheiroutward
appearancesandprofessionsbutalsotheirwaysoflifeandtheirdiversetastes
,thehostoftheinnsuggeststothe
pilgrimstoentertainthemselvesonthejourneytoandfromCanterburybytelling
storiestooneanother,andthesuggestionbeingacceptedbyall,thehostoffers
,afterthedrawingof
-ninepilgrims,
representingalmostalltheclassesandsocialgroupsofthepoet'sday(withthe
onlyexceptionsoftheroyaltyandtopnobilityandthepoorestlaboringfolk),are
portrayedveryeffectivelybythepoetwithmuchhumorandsatire.

SupplementalmaterialfortheRenaissance
,
thth
itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-,with
theflower