文档介绍：Tips for English Vocabulary Storage
英语词汇的积累
Word-Formation : The Major Processes 构词法的主要过程
pounding
Conversion
Word-formation is a process of creating new words by means of existing elements and according to the patterns and rules of a given language.
The three major processes
affixation or derivation (%)
Prefixation
suffixation
conversion (%)
composition pounding (27%)
1. Derivation 派生
Derivation or affixation is a kind of word-formation when a new word is formed by adding a derivational morpheme (usually suffix or prefix) to the root.
Prefixation is a kind of word-formation when a new word is formed by adding a prefix to the root.
Suffixation is a kind of word-formation when a new word is formed by adding a suffix to the root.
Prefixes modify the lexical meaning of the root; therefore the simple word and its prefixed derivative usually belong to the same part of speech. The group of class-changing prefixes is rather small, .:
be- adj. or n. ----v. becalm, belittle, befriend
de- n.-----v. deform, deoil, defrost
en- n.-----v. enslave, endanger
un- n.-----v. unleash(解开…皮带), unearth
anti- n.-----adj. anti-war, antibacterial
inter- n.-----adj. inter-state, inter-laboratory
post- n.-----adj. postwar, postliberation
pre- n.-----adj. prewar, preplant
Prefixation:
The classification of prefixes 前缀的分类
In some reference books, prefixes (and suffixes) are classified according to their source, but this does not seem to help from a practical point of view. It seems more helpful to classify the most important productive prefixes by their meaning into the following ten categories:
1) Negative prefixes: can be used in front of many words (mainly nouns and verbs) to express a negative or opposite meaning. 否定前缀
a-/an-: amoral, asexual, atheism, anacid,atypical
dis-: dishonest, discontent, discover, disobey, disagree
in-: plete, inconsistent, incorrect, invulnerable, illogical, illegal, impolite, immoral, imbalance, irrational, irregular
non-: nonviolen