文档介绍：第二讲
汉英翻译中的理解与表达
第一节汉译英中的理解问题
理解中的误区:停留在字面上,或对文化背景视而不见,造成误解、曲解。
俺知梁山宋公明大名,江湖上都唤他做及时
雨宋江。
I know the great name of Sung Chiang of the robber’s lair, so that by every river and lake he is called “The Opportune Rain”.
(2)武行者心中要吃,哪里听他分说,一片喝声道:放屁!放屁! (《水浒传》第三十二回)
Now Wu the priest longed much in his heart to eat, and so how could he be willing to listen to his explanation? He bellowed forth: “Pass your wind, pass your wind.”(tr. Pearl S. Buck)
杜绝的方法:
一、借助语言学理论,提高对文字意义的识别能力。
按现代语言学的观点,语言的意义可分为三个方面:言内意义(符号相互之间的关系所体现的意义)、指称意义(符号与所指对象之间的关系所体现的意义)、语用意义(符号与解释者之间的关系所体现的意义)。
这就告诉我们,认识符号的意义,必须透过现象看本质,抓住词语的真正含义,切忌不求甚解。
(1)武松吃了道:“这酒有点意思”。
I. Wu Song drank it and said: “This wine has a little more meaning to it”(tr Pearl Buck)
II. Wu Song tried it. “Now this wine has some- thing to it,” he said. (tr Sidney Shapiro)
(2) 王小玉便启朱唇、发皓齿,唱了几句书。
open her rosy lip and her ivory white teeth shine, her song begins.
Jade Wang then opened her vermilion lips, displaying her sparkling white teeth, and sang several phrases.
Jade then parted her lips and sang a few lines.
二、通过上下文,掌握隐含意义。
原文的意思不一定通过词汇来表达,有可能体现在上下文的逻辑关系、或全句的语气上。这时要善于把握这种弥漫在全文中的意义,并用恰当的方式表现出来。
(1)贾母因笑道:“外客未见,就脱了衣服,还
不去见你妹妹!”
I. …Fancy taking off your clothes before seeing our visitor. Hurry up now and pay your respects to your cousin.
II. ...fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitors….