文档介绍：经不起推敲的类推(false analogy)
This argument relies on what might be a false analogy between A and B C.(开头)
In order for BC to serve as models that A should emulate, the arguer must assume that all relevant circumstances involved are essentially the same.(环境、背景不同)
However, this assumption is unwarranted.(过渡)
For example, the argument overlooks the possibility that…..
Perhaps …..(列举各种可能性)
The arguer simply assumes that ….. but he does not provide any evidence that……are parable.
As we know, the …and … differ conspicuously.
It is true that both…... but even here exist fundamental differences:…. (两种东西本身不同)
Therefore, even though the….proved effective in….., there is no guarantee that it will work just as well for…..(结尾)
二将因果关系与单纯的关联关系或时间关系混淆起来(confuse causal relationship with correlation )
The argument concluded based on a known correlation between A and B.
Yet the correlation alone is only a scant evidence of the claimed “cause-and –effect” relationship.
Perhaps…..
Moreover, the argument overlooks the fact that….
The arguer has not accounted for the possibility that…. If this is the case, than the conclusion would lack any merit whatsoever.
认为一个群体的特征适用于该群体的所有成员
要想取得理想的结果就必须按照这种(推荐的)行为去做
按照这种(推荐的)行为去捉就足以去的理想的结果
a)
The mendation depends on the assumption that no alternative means of …are available. Yet no evidence is offered to substantiate t