文档介绍：本科毕业论文外文翻译
出处: Asian Politics & Policy
作者: Laurids S. Lauridsen
The Policies and Politics of Industrial Upgrading in Thailand during the Thaksin Era (2001–2006)
What happens when developing countries can no longer grow by simply exploiting their parative advantages in natural resources or cheap labor? Many middle-e countries in Asia are situated sandwiched petitive pressure from lower-wage countries, from innovators in the first-tier newly industrialized countries (NICs), and increasingly from ing countries, such as China and India. To escape from this middle-e trap and climb further up the ladder to higher e levels is much more difficult than arriving at the middle-e level. According to the World Bank, “[h]istory shows that while many economies can reach middle e status—often quite quickly—few pass through it because the policy and institutional changes needed are plex and more challenging technically, politically and socially”.
The analysis is based on the assumption that upgrading from low to high value–added activities does not take place automatically as a result of either the workings of market forces or of the activities of panies and foreign buyers. Moreover, it is informed by the fact that the now advanced capitalist countries used proactive industrial policies and managed openness in their early development efforts. Hence, there is good reason to believe that