文档介绍：分类号 N34
编号 2009040325
毕业论文
题目对称性与守恒律关系的探究
学院物信学院___________
姓名马新平_____________
专业物理学_____________
学号 251040325____________
指导教师王文赜_____________
提交日期 2009年6月6日_______
对称性与守恒律关系的探究
马新平
(天水师范学院物理与信息科学学院甘肃天水 741000)
摘要关于对称性和守恒定律的研究一直是物理学中的一个重要领域,物理学关于对称性与守恒定律的本质以及二者之间关系探索的一个重要进展是诺特定理的建立,定理指出,如果运动定律在某一变换下具有不变性,,物理定律的一种对称性,对应地存在一条守恒定律. 每一种变换下的不变性,都对应一种守恒律,意味着存在某种不可观测量。例如,时间平移不变性,对应能量守恒,意味着时间的原点不可观测;空间平移不变性,对应动量守恒,意味着空间的绝对位置不可观测;空间旋转不变性,对应角动量守恒,、对称的多维分析阐述。着重从经典和量子力学的范围内讨论了对称和守恒之间的关系。也指出对称破缺存在的意义,最后得出它们之间的关系。
关键词对称性; 守恒律; 时间平移不变性; 空间平移不变性; 空间旋转不变性; 不可观测量; 对称破缺。
A further analysis of the relationship between symmetry and law of conservation
Ma xinping
(Tianshui normal university Denpartment of Physics tianshuigansu)
Abstract In study on the symmetry and law of conservation has always been an important field in physics a significant progress inexplorizxy symmetry and law of conservation ,as well as the two ,was the fandation of NuoTe’ Theorem,which pionted out that if the law of motion has constain nature under certain change ,corrcspondingly ,the must exists a law of conservation .In short,to a symmetry of physical law,there is a law of conservation corresponding to every kind of constant nature ,there’sacorresponding law of conservation ,which means certain unmeasurable quality is in existance .For instance ,the situation that the time translation invariance and conservation of energy are corresponding means time’s origin cannot be measured ;the state that space translation invariance is corresponding to conservation of momentum means the obsolute position of space also can’t be surveyed and the state that space rotating invariance is corresponding to conservation of angular momentum means the absolute direction of space cannot be od .Beginning with the elucidation of symmetry’s variety andmulti-dimonsion,the article mainly discusses the relation of symmetry and conservation in the range of classi