文档介绍：TCP/IP Basics (Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite)
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol IP: Protocol
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Multi-munication (1/2)
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Multi-munication (2/2)
A series of layers, each built upon the one below it.
The purpose of each layer is to offer certain services to higher layers, hiding the detailed implementation of these services from higher layers
Each layer pletely independent of others as long as the interfaces are not changed.
So the secretaries can switch from fax to email, without disturbing other layers
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Protocol
Protocol is an agreement between munication parties on munication is to proceed
munication municate by means of formatted blocks of data that obey the rules and conventions known as a protocol
Key features of a protocol
Syntax: Concerns the format of the data blocks
Semantics: Includes control information for coordination and error handling
Timing: Includes speed matching and sequencing
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Agents Involved munication
Applications
Exchange data puters (., electronic mail)
Computers
Connected works
Transfers data from puter to another
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TCP/IP Layers
Communication task anized into five relatively independent layers
Physical layer … Layer work access layer … Layer 2
layer … Layer 3
Host-to-host (end-to-end), or transport layer
Application layer
(service access point)
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Layered Concepts
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Physical (PHY) Layer
Covers the physical interface between a transmission device (., workstation, computer) and a transmission medium work
The puter must provide work of the address of the puter
The puter may wish to invoke certain services provided by work
Different standards have been developed
Physical layer specifies:
Characteristics of the transmission medium
The nature of signals
Data rate
Other related matters
Upper layers work access do not need to consider the specifics of work to be used
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Network Access Layer
Concerned with the exchange of data between an end system (server, workstation) and work to which it is attached
Software us