文档介绍：Atlas Centaur Extensibility to Long-Duration In-Space
Applications
AIAA 2005-6738
Bernard F. Kutter*, Frank Zegler †, Sam Lucas‡,
Larry Hines§, Dr. Mohamed Ragab**,
Iran Spradley†† and Josh Hopkins‡‡
Lockheed Martin Space pany
Denver, CO
Lockheed Martin is pursuing Centaur derivatives that will provide mon-stage
supporting launch vehicle, upper-stage-applications, and the in-space/ascent/descent long-
duration needs. Lockheed Martin’mon-stage concept would provide efficient, robust
in-space transportation, and take advantage of the high-mass fraction that is enabled by
Centaur’s moncoque design and mon bulkhead to bined LO2/LH2 boil
off. Lunar exploration missions that take advantage of the high Specific Impulse (sec) (ISP)
of LO2/LH2 propulsion for in-space transportation have initial mass-to-orbit launch
requirements less than half of those using traditional storable propulsion stages. Therefore,
the application of long-duration LO2/LH2 in-space propulsion technology will result in
significant launch cost savings for space exploration. We would achieve passive long-
duration capability by implementing cross cutting Cryogenic Operation for Long Duration
(COLD) technologies, and improve cryogenic storage capability by more than two orders of
pared to existing large-scale flight-proven systems. Using mon stage for
launch-vehicle upper stage and in-space operations reduces development and recurring costs
while providing the high-flight rate needed to achieve the demonstrated high reliability
required for crewed space exploration.
* Sr. Staff, Manager Atlas Evolution, Lockheed Martin P. O. Box 179 Denver Co 80201 MS T9115, AIAA Member.
† Sr. Staff, Atlas Propulsion. Lockheed Martin . Box 179 Denver Co 80201 B3300, AIAA Member.
‡ Sr. Staff, Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) Thermal, Lockheed Martin . Box 179 Denver Co 80201 MS L3008.
§ Sr. Staff, Advanced In-Space Stages, Lockheed Mar