文档介绍：现代环境法的伦理维度
摘要
综观近年来中国环境治理的现状,最突出的特点莫过于环境立法的迅速膨胀,但这并未使中国的环境状况得到明显的改善。虽然有学者将其归因于立法与执法、司法和守法等实现环节的脱节,但笔者认为这并非是问题的根本。法律是现代社会控制的主要手段,但它的存在并不是孤立的,法律的存在需要得到包括伦理道德在内的其它社会规范的支持。然而令人颇为遗憾的是,中国环境法的发展却长期割断了与伦理道德的内在联系。伦理道德是为人类所独具的理性生活方式,它渗透于包括法律在内的人类活动的各个领域,这就使环境法不可能也不应当离开伦理道德的支撑,而这也正是本文所要着力解决的问题。
本文在引言中主要从形而上的层面简要阐述了生态文明对人类的重要意义及其主要维护手段——道德与法律之间的内在关系。正文第一章为“现代环境法的伦理基础”,主要从现代环境法的立论基础,即假设、实质和缘起等方面研究其与伦理道德的内在联系。正文第二章为“现代环境法理念的伦理诠释”,着重以伦理视角特别是环境伦理视角,对秩序、正义、安全和效益等传统法的价值理念进行阐发。正文第三章为“现代环境法原则的伦理解读”,意在研究协调发展、世代公平、风险防范、公众参与、责任承担和生态补偿等原则在现代环境法中的伦理意涵。正文第四章“伦理视域中的现代环境法治”作为本文之完结更多地将目光投向了现实,着重研究了“依法”与“以德”这两种环境问题治理手段之间的内在关联,并指出了现行环境法治中的某些伦理缺失及完善途径。正文第四章的第四部分“和谐:现代环境法治的目标”也是本文的结束语,着重揭示了现代环境法应当具有的价值追求——人际以及人与自然的双重和谐。
关键词:现代环境法伦理道德内在联系
ABSTRACT
With a view of the present state of environment management in China in recent years, we can see the rapid growth of legislation of environmental laws. However, it hasn’t obviously improved the environmental condition in China. Some scholars claim that it is because the units of legislation, law enforcement and judicature haven’t well collaborated but the author has different idea. We believes that law can not exist isolatedly and should be supported by ethics and other social norms. It is regrettable that the development of environment law in China has long been cut of from ethics. As we know ethics is saturated into every filed of human activities, including law, hence the environment law can not and should not be separated form the support of ethics. This is the main idea of this thesis.
The contents of the thesis in introduced as follows: the introduction deal with the importance of biological civilization to human beings and the chief means to maintain it —— that is the inner relationship between law and ethics. Chapter one discusses the ethical basis of modern environment law, that is, to study the inner relationship between the environment law and ethics from the aspects of hypothesis, substance and causes. Chapter two elaborates the ethics of