文档介绍：第22章抗高血压药 Antihypertensive agents
高血压分型
原发性占90%,机制尚未阐明
继发性占5~10%,是某些疾病的一种表现。如肾A狭窄、肾炎、嗜铬细胞瘤等
高血压:
指动脉血压高于正常范围,在未服用降压药的情况下: 收缩压≥ kPa (140mmHg) 和(或) 舒张压≥ kPa (90mmHg)。
危害:
高血压可并发心肌肥厚和心力衰竭,最终导致脑、心、肾的损害,为脑卒中和冠心病等的危险因素。
血压水平的定义和分类
理想血压< 120 < 80
正常血压< 130 < 85
正常高值 130~139 85~89
1级高血压(轻) 140~159 90~99
临界高血压 140~149 90~94
2级高血压(中) 160~179 100~109
3级高血压(重) ≥180 ≥110
单纯收缩期高血压≥140 < 90
临界收缩期高血压 140~149 < 90
分类收缩压舒张压
HYPERTENSION:
It is defined as systolic pressure greater than 140 mmHG, and diastolic pressure greater than 90 mmHG. Normal systolic pressure is around 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure is around 80 mmHg. Causes of hypertension includes: narrowing of the arteries, excess fluid in the blood, stronger than normal heartbeats, certain medications, or disorder of
the kidneys, nervous system or endocrine system.
High BP can ans and tissues of the body, it also
increases the risk of developing the coronary artery disease,
strokes, congestive heart failure, and it may also
contribute to the hardening of the arteries.
第一节血压调节与高血压
动脉血压的形成
(一)血压调节
1、神经调节
2、体液条件
3、肾脏对血压的调节
(1)压力感受性反射:
(2)化学感受性反射:
(3)中枢缺血反应:
1、神经调节
(1)肾素-血管紧张素系统:
(2)内皮素:
(3)内皮细胞舒张因子:
(4)缓激肽和血管舒张素:
(5)心钠素:
2、体液调节
调节水盐代谢,在血压的长期调节中
起决定作用。
3、肾脏对血压的调节