文档介绍：Unit 5: Respiration
Definition of Respiration
The process that human body exchanges gases with the atmosphere.
or
The process of taking up oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from cells in the body.
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Dyspnea & Apnea
Dyspnea means that there is air hunger.
Apnea means no breathing.
When you can’t breathe, nothing else matters
Slogan of the American Lung Association
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Main Topics
. Pulmonary ventilation
The ventilatory pump
Mechanics of ventilation
Elastic and non-elastic resistances
Static lung volume
Dynamic lung ventilation
. Gas exchange
Gas diffusion
Factors that affect gas exchange
Ventilation-perfusion ratio (VA/Q)
. Gas transport in the blood
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide poisoning
. The control of ventilation
Respiratory center and the basic respiratory pattern
Voluntary control
Chemosensory reflexes
Mechanical reflexes
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2018/7/28
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5
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Conducting Zone and Respiratory Zone
Type 1 alveolar cells
These cells are derived from type II alveolar cells and provide a thin layer of cytoplasm which covers about 80% of the gas exchange zone.
Type II alveolar cells
These cells allow the formation of surfactant and other enzymes.
Type III alveolar cells
These cells are the main lung defence system – they are the alveolar macrophages.
Main Functional Events of Respiration
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Terminology
Pulmonary ventilation (肺通气)
The inflow and outflow of air between the atmosphere and the lung alveoli.
Gas exchange(肺换气)
Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood inside the pulmonary capillaries.
Gas transport in the blood (气体在血液中的运输)
Transports of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and body fluid to and from the tissue cells.
Tissue gas exchange(组织换气)
The exchange of oxygen and carbon d