文档介绍：Chapter 2 The First law of Thermodynamics
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Chapter 2 The First law of Thermodynamics
The basic concepts
The First Law
The transfer of heat at constant volume, Qv, and at
constant pressure, Qp, and enthalpy
Joule experiment ,the internal energy of a ideal gas
The capacity, the process of the change in temperature
at constant volume or at constant pressure
The reversible expansion pression process of
gas and the equation of the reversible adiabatic process
of ideal gas
Joule-Thomson expansion and Joule –Thomson effect
Chapter 2 The First law of Thermodynamics
Phase transition process
Stoichiometrical numbers , the extent of reaction, ξ,
and the standard reaction enthalpies
Define the standard molar enthalpies of formation
bustion and calculate the standard (molar)
reaction enthalpies, ΔrH, by the standard molar
enthalpies of formation bustion
Chapter 2 The First law of Thermodynamics The basic concepts
1. system and surroundings
2. Extensive properties and intensive properties
3. State and state function
4. Thermodynamical equilibrium
5. Process and path
The basic concepts
Chapter 2 The First law of Thermodynamics The basic concepts
1. system and surroundings
(1) System
For the purpose of physical chemistry, the universe is divided into two parts, the system and its surroundings.
The system is the part of the world in which we have a special interest.
For example, it may be a reaction vessel, an engine, an electrochemical cell, a biological cell, and so on.
The prise the region outside the system and are where we make our measurements.
The type of system depends on the characteristic of the boundary that divides it from the surrounding
Chapter 2 The First law of Thermodynamics The basic concepts
①Open system: An open system can exchange matter and energy with its surroundings.
For instance, human body is an typical open system.
②closed sy