文档介绍：Chapter 4 The thermodynamics description of mixtures
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Chapter 4 The thermodynamics description of mixtures
在此之前,我们通过第一、二定律分别引进了两个状态函数U和S,同时为了能量计算和判断方向的方便,还引入了三个辅助函数H,A和G。利用上述五个状态函数外加Q,W,T,P,V和Cp,m等,我们仅研究了单组分(纯物质)或组成不变的封闭体系。显然,这在实际使用中要受到很大限制,因为常见的体系大多是多组分体系或组成发生变化的体系。为此我们需要进一步研究处理多组分体系的热力学方法。
Chapter 4 The thermodynamics description of mixtures
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实际溶
液多组
分体系
多相多组
分体系
单相多组
分体系
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混合物
理想混合物
实际混合物
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非电解
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Chapter 4 The thermodynamics description of mixtures
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Partial molar quantities
Chemical Potential
The Chemical Potential of Gases
Raoult’s Law and Henry’s Law
Liquid mixtures→Ideal liquid mixture
Solutions→Ideal-dilute solutions
Colligative properties (the colligative properties of
dilute solutions)
Activity and activity coefficient
Chapter 4 The thermodynamics description of mixtures Partial molar quantities
reason that the concept of Partial molar
quantities is proposed.
molar quantities
total amount equation of a thermodynamic
property in a mixture
Gibbs–Duhem equation
molar quantities in the relation to one another
instance in illustration in the method of
measuring and calculating Partial molar quantities
Chapter 4 The thermodynamics description of mixtures Partial molar quantities
reason that the concept of Partial molar quantity is proposed
We have already seen that the partial pressure, which is the contribution of ponent to the total pressure, is used to discuss the properties of mixture of gases.
Let us consider the additional property of the volumes of a liquid mixtures
Imagine a huge volume of pure water at 25℃. When a further 1mol H2O is added, the volume increases by 18 cm3•mol-1 is the molar volume of pure water.
Chapter 4 The thermodynamics description of mixtures Partial molar quantities
V=V(H2O,25℃)+