文档介绍：TOEFL IBT
独立写作:框架、开头结尾段、常用句
一、独立写作框架
二、开头段的写作及常用句
三、结尾段的写作及常用句
一、独立写作框架
段落
一边倒式
让步式
折中式
A段
观点
观点
观点
B段
理由1
理由1
支持理由
C段
理由2
理由2
反对理由
D段
理由3
让步段
结论
E段
结论
结论
1、一边倒式
Introduction :
Paragraph1 : Background + Paraphrase the topic + Personal view
Body:
Paragraph2 : The first main idea + further explanation + example 1.
Paragraph3 : The second main idea + further explanation +example 2.
Paragraph4 : The third main idea + further explanation + example 3.
Conclusion:
Paragraph5 : Conclusion
2、让步式
Introduction:
Paragraph1: Background + paraphrase the topic + personal view.
Body:
Paragraph2: The first main idea + further explanation + example 1
Paragraph3: The second main idea + further explanation + example 2
Paragraph4: However, the opposite reason 1+ opposite reason 2 + explanation
Conclusion :
Paragraph5: Conclusion
3、中立式
Introduction:
Paragraph1: Background + paraphrase the topic
Body:
Paragraph2: Point out the positive and negative side of A aspect
Paragraph3: Point out the positive and negative side of B aspect
Conclusion:
Paragraph4: A & B are correct depending on different people, purposes and backgrounds.
二、开头段的写作及常用句
1、开头段的写作
独立写作首段写作要遵循3要素:introduction
position
transition
Introduction
Introduction
背景引入式
自我让步式
概念展开式
主题重申式
背景引入
In the future, students may have the choice of studying at home by using technology such puters  or television or of studying at traditional schools. Which would you prefer?
• We live in a technology world in which technology gives us many opportunities to improve every aspect of our lives, including arts, sciences, politics, and education(时代特征)。
• One of most obvious impact  which the technology has on education is that it has changed traditional studying-in-class learning pattern. (走向主题).
• Now we get chance to study at home by using technology such puter or television(论述主题).
• This new learning pattern, which I strongly mend to every one, will save a lot of time on t