文档介绍：CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Answers to Study Questions on Main Text
1. Generally, behavior is anything a person does or says. Technically, behavior is any
muscular, glandular, or electrical activity of anism. Synonyms include: activity,
action, performance, responding, response, and reaction.
2. Behavior is anything that a person says or does. Products of behavior are the
consequences produced by the behavior. For example, studying effectively and writing
the correct answers to questions on an exam are behaviors. Getting an “A” is a product
of those behaviors.
3. Overt behaviors are behaviors that could be observed and recorded by an individual
other than the one performing the behavior. For example, walking and talking are overt
behaviors. Covert behaviors are private or internal activities that cannot be readily
observed by others. For example, thinking particular words to oneself or feeling nervous
(increased heart rate, etc.) would be private behaviors.
4. Thinking in words (private self-talk) and imagining can also be referred to as cognitive
behaviors. For example, a hockey player may think before stepping on the ice at a
game, “I am going to play my best game yet”(private self-talk), or a teacher may tell the
class to close their eyes and picture a beach (imagining).
5. Any two dimensions can be described. Duration of a behavior is how long it lasts. For
example, measuring how long an individual can tread water in a swimming pool.
Frequency of a behavior is the number of instances that occur in a given period of time.
For example, a figure skater counting the number of times that she or he lands a new
jump in a practice session. The intensity or force of a behavior refers to the physical
effort or energy involved in emitting the behavior. For example, the force of a person’s
grip when shaking hands.
6. Although their meanings vary from speaker to speaker, they always refer to ways of
behaving. An intelligent person, for example, solves p