文档介绍：全国基础外语教育研究培训中心
语音素质提升
中元音/ə/ /э/ / /
= 英音/ə:/
舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起。
美音中元音/ э/和英语中元音/ə:/的发音相同。唯一不同的就是:美音/ э/是个卷舌音,英音不卷舌。也就是说,在完成必要的发音准备动作之后还要增加一个卷舌的动作(将舌尖轻轻向上向后卷起,但不可接触或贴住口腔上部的任何部位,以免引起摩擦),发成一种非常近似北京话“花儿”中的“儿”音。这是具有美音特色的又一元音。学习美式发音必须掌握并发好这一元音。
3. 是字母组合ir, ur, or ,er 等在重读音节中的读音,如:
bird church work verb
英音读成:/bə:d/
/ə/ 只出现在不含字母r 的非重读音节中
如,china banana open sentence
about arrive
/ / 是由/ə/ + 卷舌音“r”所构成,其发音和/ /相似,两者的区别是:1. / / 用来标注重读音节中字母组合ir,ur,or,er 等的读音 2./ / 则只能用来标注上列字母组合在非重读音节中的读音,
如 Saturday yesterday
teacher doctor
请记住下面提供的六种字母组合的共同读音
即中元音
ir —— girl sir first dirty
ear—— earn learn pearl earnest
er —— serve nerve reserve certain
or —— work word worse worm
ur —— fur turn purse return
our—— journey courage
Bird teacher
Shirt doctor
Worm worker
Skirt driver
Question and answer
What’s this ?
-- It’s a bird/…
What’s your/his/her job?
-- I’m a teacher/…
Word
Dialog
A: Something’s burning ?
B: Oh, my muffins!(松饼)
A: Mm, I love burnt muffins.
B: Curse this oven! Curse it ! (可恨)
A: But I prefer burnt muffins.
B: It’s the worst oven in the world.
A: Wonderful! A perfect muffin!
B: There are thirty of them. Oh, have another. Have them all,if you like.
along the river among the workers
a drop of water an hour and a half
for a moment across the world
about the journey a bird and a worm
e, first served.
The early bird catches the worm.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
(双鸟在林,不如一鸟在手)
Birds of a feather flock together.
Dialog
A: Were you ever hurt in an accident?
B: yes, once. I hurt my head, and I got a burn on my leg.
A: Were you taken to the emergency room?
B: Well, a person helped me get there. Then the doctors and nurses were certainly concerned. So I survived.
A: You were really lucky, weren’t you?
中元音:/ Λ/
/ Λ/ 时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿,整个舌身在口腔处于低平状态,仅舌中部稍稍抬起。
2. 美音/ Λ/ 的舌位比英音/ Λ/ 稍高,口形稍窄,
更靠近/ə/音。因此,两者所使用的音标虽不同,但实际发音并不相同。学习美音/ Λ/时口不宜张得太开,太大,其开口度约和前元音/ε/ 相似(英音/ Λ/的开口度较大,其口形和前元音/æ/相似。)
*由于/ Λ/ 的实际音值更靠近/ә/,因此在美国的一些语音教材中也有采用/ә/或其他音标来代替/ Λ/ 的做法。
中元音:/ Λ