文档介绍：Chapter 29 Hepatitis Viruses
中国不仅是一个人口大国,而且也是病毒性肝炎的高发区。目前已知的甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、庚及TTV型肝炎,在我国均有发生,其中尤以甲、乙、丙、戊4个型别的流行情况严重。。可以说,病毒性肝炎是对我国危害最为严重的传染病。
Hepatitis viruses and diseases they cause
HAV-hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis)
HBV-hepatitis B (serum hepatitis)
HCV-hepatitis C (non-A, non-B hepatitis)
HDV-hepatitis D (delta hepatitis)
HEV-hepatitis E (infectious hepatitis resembles hepatitis A)
HGV-(non A-E hepatitis)
TTV-(post-transfusion hepatitis)
肝炎病毒
甲型肝炎病毒与戊型肝炎病毒由消化道传播,引起急性肝炎,不转为慢性肝炎或慢性携带者。
乙型与丙型肝炎病毒主要由输血、血制品或注射器污染而传播,除引起急性肝炎外,可致慢性肝炎,并与肝硬化及肝癌相关。
丁型肝炎病毒为一种缺陷病毒
庚型肝炎病毒(HGV)
TT型肝炎病毒(TTV)
Pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses
an: liver
Symptoms: fever, nausea, vomiting, jaundice(黄疸)
Chronic infections: HBV,HCV,HDV
No specific treatment
Preventing
甲型肝炎病毒(hepatitis A virus,HAV)
Shape: naked, spherical particle with cubic symmetry.
Genome: linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA
One stable serotype only
Transmission: fecal-oral (via contaminated food or water)
Stable at low pH
Inactivated by high temperature (185°F or higher), formalin, chlorine
Biological characterization
HAV的生物学性状
属小RNA病毒科,嗜肝病毒属
球形,直径27nm,呈20面立体对称,无包膜
ss(+)RNA,5’端有一其特有的保守序列,可用于制备探针
只有一个血清型
HAV的结构
Hepatitis A virus transmission
Close personal contact
(., household contact, sex contact, child day-care centers)
Contaminated food, water
(., infected food handlers)
Blood exposure (rare)
(., injection drug use, rarely by transfusion)