文档介绍：Louis Chauvel
Cellule de Sociologie,
Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques,
Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques,
69, Quai d'Orsay
75007 Paris.
fax: .
E-mail: ******@-
Cohort changes in Education, Social Stratification and
Mobility, the Case of France (1964-1995) * This paper is a quick summary of a longer work which will be published next autumn : L. Chauvel, 1998, Le destin des générations, Structure sociale et cohortes en France au XXe siècle, Presses Universitaires de France.
Résumé
Few research works on social stratification and mobility are directly concerned with the cohorts. Most frequently, the observed changes, such as the expansion of education, the growth of the part of skilled positions, the upgrading and the increase of upward mobility, are intuitively considered to be continuous trends, concerning equally any age and any cohort. Actually, in France, these trends are not similarly distributed between cohorts : some of them benefited from a fast change when the others knew stagnations relatively to the prior cohorts. The level of education, the opportunities to have access to the middle or higher categories (EGP-II et EGP-I), the social value of academic titles in terms of access probabilities to the most prestigious categories of the society, but also in terms of upward mobility, are criteria which underline the specificity of cohorts born during the ’40, which appear to have benefited from the fast social change opportunities. The later experience a clear pause relatively to these trends.
The results are : (1) the expansion of the level of education is not linear ; (2) globally, when they are estimated by cohort, the opportunities to enter various social groups, notably the highest on the social hierarchy, evolve by steps ; (3) the ‘social value’ of a given level of education, in terms of opportunity to enter the highest social strata, is not stable nor linearly evolving fro