文档介绍：我国加工贸易可持续发展的对策探析
国际商务0601 黄婉叶指导老师蒋建刚
摘要
加工贸易作为全球化背景下中国参与世界分工的重要方式,自改革开放以来,对拉动我国经济增长起到了重要作用。发展至今,加工贸易仍然占据着我国对外贸易的半壁江山。然而,伴随着金融危机的爆发,我衡、环境问题突出、人才出现断层、贸易摩擦加剧、产业升级不到位等诸多挑战。面对现状,政府除需关注国内市场,完善政府职能并提高工作效率外,还应给予企业积极正确的政策引导以优化区域布局,拓宽企业融资渠道,提升准入门槛。而企业自身则需注重研发与服务,树立自主品牌,并注重人才培养。只有政府和企业共同努力,才可能寻找出一条我国加工贸易可持续发展之路。
关键字: 加工贸易,可持续发展,产业升级
Abstract
Processing trade is an important way of China's participation to the world division of labor in the context of globalization. Since the reform and opening up, processing trade has played an important role in stimulating China's economic growth. So far it still occupies half of China's foreign trade. However, with the outbreak of the financial crisis, China's processing trade faces a lot of challengers such as high dependence, uneven regional development, environmental issues, prominent gap in human resources, intensified trade friction, imperfect industrial upgrading. Facing this situation, the government should focus on domestic market, improve government functions and increase work efficiency, in addition it should give positive policy guidance in order to optimize the regional distribution, broaden financing channels for enterprises and enhance access threshold. Meanwhile, enterprises should focus on R & D and after-sale service, establish their own brands, and pay attention to employees' training. Only the Government and businesses work together, it might find out a sustainable development road for China's processing trade.
Key words: Processing trade, sustainable development, industrial upgrading
目录
一、我国加工贸易背景、现状与特点 2
(一) 背景 2
1. 改革开放初期到80年代中期的来料加工 3
2. 20世纪80年代中期到90年代初期的进料加工阶段 3
3. 20世纪90年代初期至21世纪初的“双高”阶段 3
4. 21世纪以来的新探索阶段 4
(二) 现状与特点 4
1. 贸易进出口市场的集中度较高 4
2. 外商投资企业仍为经营主体,民营企业成长较为迅速 5
3. 地区发展不平衡,但有望顺利转移。 5
4. 加工贸易方式以进料加工为主 6
5. 加工产品从传统的劳动密集型向技术密集型过渡 6
二、我国加工贸易面临的挑战 6
(一) 外贸出口依存度高 6
(二) 加工贸易增值率低 7
(三) 贸易保护主义抬头 9
(四) 东部与中西部失衡 9
(五) 走私现象屡禁不止 10
(六) 生态环境问题突出 10
(七) 高级人才出现断层 11
三、我国加工贸易可持