文档介绍：Anemia in childhood
(小儿贫血)
Wuqing Wan
Dept. of pediatrics
中南大学儿科学教研室
第十五章
Teaching purpose
To understand features of hematopoiesis and blood in children.
prehend clinical features, diagnosis and therapy of anemia.
To understand the definition, grade division and classification of anemia in children.
To master etiology, pathogenosis, diagnosis, therapy and prevention of nutritional iron deficiency anemia and nutritional megaloblastic anemia.
Features of hematopoiesis in children
Hematopoiesis in fetal period(胎儿期造血)
Developmental hematopoiesis occurs in three anatomic stages—mesoblastic(中胚层), hepatic(肝), and myeloid(骨髓).
in fetal period
yolk sac
liver
spleen
Bone marrow
lymph node
Features of hematopoiesis in children
Hematopoiesis after birth
Hematopoesis in bone marrow
Extramedullary hemopoiesis
(骨髓外造血)
Hematopoesis in bone marrow
Yellow bone marrow(黄骨髓) e back to red bone marrow(红骨髓) when hematopoetic need increases . Yellow bone marrow is deficiency in children, especially in infant and toddler period.
When hematopoietic demand increases, liver, spleen and lymph e back to the Status to produce blood cells, hepatomegaly(肝肿大) and splenomegaly(脾肿大) appears, and maybe there are immature erythrocytes and granulocytes in circulating blood. Extramedullary hemopoiesis is the specific phenomena only appearing in infant and toddler.
Extramedullary hemopoiesis(髓外造血)
Features of blood in children
Erythrocyte and hemoglobin
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
12h
10d
3m
6m
1y
RBC(× 1012/L)
Years
Hemoglobin
At birth
1 yr
2 yr