文档介绍：摘要

随着我国对基础设施建设投资的不断加大,国内市场对重型汽车的需求量也在
不断的加大。自卸车作为重型汽车中的一种,以其使用方便、载重量大等特点,成
为各施工现场不可缺少的运输工具。自卸车副车架是为了缓解货箱、货物等对主车
架的冲击而设置的一种过渡性装置,因此副车架的强度和刚度对自卸车的使用性能
有着极大的影响。本文利用有限元法对某公司生产的 2528K 型矿用自卸车副车架进
行了强度分析和轻量化研究。
本文首先根据厂家所提供的图纸,利用有限元软件 ANSYS,按照适当的简化
原则建立了该车主、副车架的实体模型和有限元模型。然后根据自卸车的实际使用
情况,选择了纯弯曲工况、弯扭联合工况及卸载工况作为分析对象,对该自卸车副
车架进行了静态分析。分析结果表明,该车副车架在各个工况下所受到的最大应力
值均小于材料的屈服强度,而且存在着很大的富裕,说明该车副车架的设计满足要
求,存在着进一步轻量化的空间。本文还对该车副车架进行了模态分析,得出副车
架前十二阶的固有频率和振型,结合模态分析的结果,对该车的动态特性作出了评
价。
最后,本文以该车副车架的纵梁、腹板及部分横梁的截面尺寸为设计变量,以
副车架结构总体积为设计目标,利用 ANSYS 的一阶优化方法对该副车架进行了截
面尺寸优化设计。结果使该车副车架在满足强度要求的前提下,总体积下降 %,
达到了节省原材料,降低生产成本的目的。
本文的研究可为 2528K 型自卸车的进一步改进提供参考和理论依据,解决企业
的实际问题,同时也为相同类型车辆的设计提供参考。
关键词:自卸车;副车架;有限元法;静态分析;轻量化
Abstract

Following the continued increasing investment in infrastructure construction of our
country, the domestic market demand for heavy-duty vehicles is constantly increasing.
As a heavy-duty vehicle, dump truck is easy to be used and has big carrying capacity, so
it es an indispensable transportation for the construction site. The dump truck
sub-frame is a kind of transitional device which is established to alleviate the impact to
the main frame from the carriage and cargo, so the strength and stiffness of the dump
truck sub-frame have enormous influence to dump truck's operational performance. In
this paper, the type of 2528K heavy-duty mining dump truck designed by a heavy-duty
pany is researched in strength and lightweight based on finite element method
(FEM).
Firstly, according to drawings provided by the manufacturer, using the finite
element software ANSYS, established the solid and finite element model of the main and
secondary frame of a truck in accordance with a appropriate simplification principles.
Then chosen pure bending condition, combined bending and torsion, and unload
conditions as the analytical conditions according to the actual use of the dump truck,
carried out the static analysis on the secondar