文档介绍：1 Production and Interaction of X rays
Radiation Measurement Quantities and Units
Roger H. Johnson
Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University
Introduction ......................................... 3
Production of X rays .................................. 3
Bremsstrahlung and Characteristic Radiation .............. 3
Electron-Impact X-ray Sources .......................... 8
Electrical Circuits for X-ray Tubes ....................... 8
Cathodes and Anodes ................................. 14
Sources for Diagnostic Radiology ........................ 18
X-ray Tube Ratings ................................... 20
X-ray Tube Spectra ................................... 22
Beam Filtration ...................................... 29
Sources for Mammography ............................. 31
Specialized Sources for Research ........................ 33
Synchrotron X-ray Sources ............................. 35
Storage Rings ........................................ 35
Insertion Devices ..................................... 43
Applications of Synchrotron Sources ..................... 45
Plasma X-ray Sources ................................. 47
Gas Plasma Sources ................................... 49
Laser-produced Plasma Sources ......................... 49
Application of Plasma Sources .......................... 52
X-ray Lasers and Free Electron Lasers .................... 56
Interaction of X rays with Matter ........................ 59
Indirect versus Direct Ionization ......................... 61
Scattering ........................................... 62
Elastic Scattering ..................................... 63
pton Scattering ........................... 66
Absorption .......................................... 68
Photoelectric Absorption ...............