文档介绍：Antihypertensive Agents
Zhu Yi Zhun, Dept. of Pharmacology, SPFDU
Email: ******@fudan.
Hypertension
. 5 millions Americans have hypertension.
Incidence: 10-20% in adults
68% are aware of their diagnosis.
53% are receiving treatment.
Only 27% are under control of the 140/90 mm Hg
threshold.
Hypertension
is usually asymptomatic
Therefore, it is important to treat hypertension and
reduce mortality and morbidity of these conditions
an damage
is associated with increased risk from ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents, heart and renal failure.
Complications of untreated hypertension
Hypertensive cardiovascular disease
Hypertensive cerebrovascular
disease and dementia
Hypertensive renal disease
Aortic dissection
plication
Classification of Hypertension
-- Primary (Essential) Hypertension (PH):
About 90%-95%. Onset 25-55 years.
No cause can be established for 95% cases of PH.
-- Secondary Hypertension (SH):
About 5%-10%.
Cause: Renal disease
Hormonal (. Estrogen) therapy
Renal vascular hypertension
Hypertension associated with pregnancy
Hypercalcemia, hyper- or hypothyroidism etc.
Classification of Blood Pressure
BP= CO x PVR
CO: Cardiac Output;
PVR: Peripheral Vascular Resistance.
Regulation of Blood Pressure
Adrenoceptors
Brain Stem
Sympathetic Stimulation
Peripheral
Resistance
BP
Cardiac
Output
Renin
Renal blood
flow
Angiotensinogen
Angiotensin I
Aldosterone
Sodium Retension
Angiotensin II
BP= CO x PVR
Regulation of Blood Pressure
Adrenoceptors
Brain Stem
Sympathetic Stimulation
Peripheral
Resistance
BP
Cardiac
Output
Renin
Renal blood
flow
Angiotensinogen
Angiotensin I
Aldosterone
Sodium Retension
Vasodilator
Sympatholytic drugs
Angiotensin II
ACE inhibitors
Diuretics
ANG II blocker
-blocker
BP
Diagnosis of Hypertension
is based on repeated, reproducible measurements of elevated blood pressure.
BP 140/90 mm Hg
Management of Hypertension
Anti