词汇学4.ppt

文档介绍：Word-formation or word-building is an important means of vocabulary enlargement. The English language has increased its resources not only through the adoption of words from other languages, but also through the formation of new words with the material available in the language
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Word Formation
Affixation (词缀法): 30%-40%
Compounding (复合法): 28%-30%
Conversion (转类法): 26%
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Affixation
Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to bases.
derivatives
Prefixation and suffixation
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prefixation
1. negative prefixes
a-; dis-; in-(il-, ir-; im)
non-; un- (unreplaceble, irreplaceble; unmovable, immovable)
2. Reversative or privative prefixes
de-; dis-; un-
3. pejorative prefixes
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mal-; mis-; pseudo-;
4. prefixes of degree or size
Arch-; co-; extra-; hyper-; macro-; micro-;
Mini-; out-; over-; sub-; super-; sur-; ultra-; under-;
5. Prefixes of orientation and attitude
Anti-; contra-; counter; pro;
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6. locative prefixes
extra-; fore-; inter; intra-; super-; tele-; trans-;
7. prefixes of time and order
ex-; fore-; post-; pre-; re-;
8. number prefixes
bi-; multi-; semi-; tri-; uni-; mono-;
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9. conversion prefixes
a-; be-; en-(em-)
10. miscellaneous prefixes
auto-; neo; pan-; proto-; vice-;
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suffixation
1. noun suffixes
1) demoninal nouns (由名词转化的名词)
-eer; -er; ess; -ette; -let; -ster
-age; -dom; -ery; -ful; -hood; -ing; ism; -ship
2). deverbal nouns (由动词转化的名词)
-ant; -ee; -ent; -er
-age; -al; -ance; -ation(-ition, -tion, -sion, -ion); -ence; -ing; ment;
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3) de-adjective nouns (由形容词转化的名词)
-ity; -ness;
4) noun and adjective suffixes
-ese; -an; -ist; -ite
2. adjective suffixes
1) denomina