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To Erica and Andy, with Love
Preface
Modern fiber-munications date back to the early 1960s when Charles
Kao theoretically predicted that high-speed messages could be transmited long
distances over a narrow glass waveguide, which is monly referred to as
an optical fiber. In 1970, a team of researchers at Corning essfully fabricated
optical fibers using fused-silica with a loss of less than 20dB/km at 633nm
wavelength. The Corning breakthrough was the most significant step toward the
practical application of fiber-munications. Over the following several
years, fiber losses dropped dramatically, aided both by improved fabrication
methods and the shift to longer wavelengths, where fibers have inherently lower
attenuation.
Meanwhile, the prospect of