文档介绍：1. 语言的普遍特征:
任意性arbitrariness
双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构
多产性productivity
移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西
文化传播性cultural transmission
2。语言的功能:
传达信息功能informative
人济功能:interpersonal
行事功能:Performative
表情功能:Emotive
寒暄功能:Phatic
娱乐功能recreatinal
元语言功能 metalingual
3. 语言学linguistics:包括六个分支
ics
音位学 phonology
形态学 Morphology
句法学 syntax
语义学 semantics
语用学 pragmatics
4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人:Ferdinand de saussure
提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一:语言与言语language and parole ,语言之语言系统的整体,言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语
5. 语法创始人:Noam Chomsky
petence and performance
1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language:
a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain language
b. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing.
c. we can u se language to refer to something not present
d. we can produce sentences that have never been heard before.
is the most important function of language?
a. interpersonal
b. phatic
c. informative
function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __
a informative
b. phatic
c. directive
d. performative
distinction petence and performance is proposed by __
a saussure
b. halliday
c. chomsky
d. the prague school
5. Who put forward the distinction between language and parole?
a. saussure
b. chomsky
c. halliday
d anomymous
第二节语音学
vocal cords和三个回声腔组成
:there is an obstruction of the air stream at some point of the vocal tract.
plete obstruction
鼻音 nasals
破裂音 plosives
部分阻塞辅音 partial obstruction
擦音 fricatives
破擦音 affricates等
辅音的送气特征 aspiration
分类标准舌翘位置,舌高和嘴唇的形状
6双元音 diphthongs,有元音过渡 vowel glides
1. Articulatory ics mainly studies __.
a. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech
b. the perception of sounds
c. bination of sounds
d. the production of sounds
2. The distinction between vowel s and consonants lies in __
a. the place of artic