文档介绍：科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧反译?所谓反译是指翻译时从反面着笔把原意表达出来。由于英美人和我们中国人的思维方式不完全相同,英汉两种语言的表意方式也有很大差别,所以有时从正面表达一个意思内容,汉译时则可能需要、甚至必须从反面来表达才符合汉语的表达习惯和事理逻辑。?In the first battles, the Isracli boats avoided being hit by Egyptian missiles.?译文1:?在最初几次海战中,以色列舰只避免了被埃及导弹击中。?译文2:?在最初几次海战中,以色列舰只未被埃及导弹所击中。(在最初几次海战中,埃及导弹未能击中以色列舰只)?The flowing of electricity through a wire is not unlike that of water through a pipe.?译文1:?电流过导线不是不象水流过管子那样。?译文2:?电流过导线就象水流过管子那样。一、:英语的双重否定形式通常由否定词no (not)等与某些表示否定意义的词连用构成,表达委婉或强调的语气。常把此类句子译为肯定句。If houses are at rest relative to the earth surface, the earth itself is not ,但地球本身却是运动着的。?Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection.?再漂亮的东西,只要仔细观察,也会发现某种缺陷。?The current 155mm gun system have not reached the point where no further development is feasible.?现役155mm火炮系统尚需进一步改进。(…系统还没有达到不需进一步改进的地步。)?实际上,汉语也有类似于英语的双重否定的表达方式,如“不是不”;“不会没有;不能不;并非不”?No area in the world pletely free of air pollution?世界上完全没有被空气污染的地区是没有的。?As we all know, all life can not exist without water,?正如我们所知,没有水,任何生命都将不复存在。?The atomic furnace will ont work but it had enough fuel.?原子反应堆要是没有足够的燃料就不会运转。?采用两种译法都可。?There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of force.?在力的作用下,没有一种材料不或多或少地变形。?在力的作用下,任何一种材料都会或多或地低变形。?This reaction is not unlikely to take place.?译文1:这种反应未必不会发生。?译文2:这种反应一定会发生。?英语中少数双重否定句并非完全肯定,在处理上要注意?Few persons dissented from this suggestion.?译文1:几乎没有人不同意这个建议。?译文2:所有人都同意这个建议。2、肯定形式的反译处理?1. 句中有表示否定意义的名词:absence, neglect, lack, few, loss, refusal, exclusion, failure等等。?When water evaporates gradually, few of the molecules have enough energy to escape from the liquid.?水缓慢蒸发时,没有多少分子具有足以从水中逸出的能量。?This error is often caused by a failure to test a sufficient number of subjects (inadequate sampling)?这种误差往往是由于没有检验足够数量的试验材料(抽样不足)而引起的。?2. 句中有表示否定意义的动词或动词词组:avoid, cease, defy, decline, deny, exclude, fail, lack, lose, ignore, miss, overlook, refuse, keep from, prevent from, protect from等等。?In the choice of problems for researc