文档介绍：Planning for Supply Chain Disruptions
Yossi Sheffi
MIT, Cambridge MA
Outline
The threat
Past disasters
Supply chain preparedness
preliminary research findings
Terror Threats:
Physical
Chemical/biological
Nuclear/”dirty”
Cyber attack
The Economic Targets: Infrastructure
Agriculture
Tourism
Transportation
Electric grid
Banking & finance systems
Oil and munications
Continuity of government
Medical services delivery
Water supply
Food supply
Learn From Past Disasters
Kobe Earthquake -- Jan 16 1995, >6,300 killed, 100K buildings destroyed, 80K damaged. Total damage: ~$250B
Bhopal -- Dec 2nd, 1984, Union carbide factory, 2500 dead, 50,000 hospitalized.
Chernobyl – April 26, 1986, 15M people affected, Belarus still affected
Learn From Past Disasters
Influenza 1918 – 675,000 dead in the US alone; Started in army barracks and prisons in the US; 30 – 50 million worldwide (“the Spanish Flu…”)
The Mont Blanc -- Dec. 6, 1917 the Mont Blanc explodes in Halifax port (400,000 lbs. Of TNT, 2,300 ton of Citric Acid, 10 tons of gun cotton, 35 tons of Benzol). 2500 dead; 9,000 injured; shock wave felt in Cape Bretton (270 miles away).
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Mad Cow Disease – UK, 2001, quarantines and slaughter of suspected animals; $3B - $5B hit.
Danger – Government Response
On 9/11:
Ford idled several production lines intermittently due to delays at the Canadian border
Toyota came within hours of halting production since a supplier was waiting for steering wheels shipped by air from Germany
After Flight 587 crashed, Nov. 12, 2001
Bridges to NY were closed for several hours
In UK FMD –
Farmers’ costs <$1B
Tourism costs (after the government issued a ban) $2B - $4B
Japanese government bankrupted many private hospitals in the Kobe area
Preparing for Another Disruption
Supplier relationships
Core suppliers vs. public auctions
Use of off-shore suppliers
Dual supply relationships
Inventory management
The vulnerability of JIT manufacturing
Advantages of JIT m