文档介绍：Copyright 0 1984 Academic Press. Reprinted, with permission, from Infrared and
Millimeter Waves, Vol. 11, pp. 239-289, 1984.
INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES. VOL. II
CHAPTER 7
Phase Noise and AM Noise Measurements
in the Frequency Domain
Algie L. Lance, Wendell D. Seal. and Frederik Labaar
TRW Operations and Support Group
One Space Park
Redondo Beach. California
I. INTRODKTI~N
II. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT
A. .Voise Sidebands
B. Spectral Denstty
C. Spectral Denstries of Phase Fluctuations in the
Freguency Domain
D. Modulation Theory and Spectral Density Relationships
E. Noise Processes
F. Integrated Phase Noise
G. AU Noise tn the Frequency Domain
III. PHASE-NOISE MEASUREMENTS USING THE
TWO-OWLLATOR TECHNIQUE 355
A. TWO NOISY Oscrllators 157
B. Automated Phase-Noise Measurements Using the
Two-Oscillator Technique 358
C. Calibration and Measurements Using the
Two-Oscillator S,vstem 259
IV. SINGLE-OSCILLATOR PHASE-NOISE MEASUREMENT
SYSTEMSAND TECHNIQUES 267
A. The Delay Line as an FM Discriminator 168
B. Calibration and Measurements Using rhe Delay Line
as an FM Discriminator 273
C. Dual Delay- Line Discriminator 381
D. Millimeter- Wace Phase-Noise Measurements 283
REFERENCE 287
I. Introduction
Frequency sources contain noise that appears to be a superposition of
causally generated signals and random, nondeterministic noises. The random
noises include thermal noise, shot noise, and noises of undetermined origin
(such as flicker noise). The end result is timedependent phase and amplitude
fluctuations. Measurements of these fluctuations characterize the frequency
source in terms of amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation
(PM) noise (frequency stability).
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240 A. L. LANCE, W. D. SEAL, AND F. LABAAR
The term frequency sra