文档介绍：Factors Contributing toF ossilization Introduction In the past decades, many researchers and scholars in linguistic circle and the interrelated fields have done a lot of studies of fossilization from different perspectives to discover the causes of fossilization, and a number of different theories have been proposed, among which Selinker ’s five psycholinguistic processes, and three models (the biological, interactional and acculturation model), one principle (the multiple effects principle) and Krashen ’s input hypothesis are worth mentioning. To be specific, these theories include: 1. Selinker ’s five central processes Selinker ’ s(1972)early explanation of the causes of fossilization consists of five central processes: Language transfer: Learners ’ IL systems are greatly influenced by their first language, and they cannot produce correct L2 output. Selinker regarded language transfer as the most decisive factor in leading to fossilization. Transfer of training: L2 learners may have done excessive training on certain IL structures that they cannot essfully continue to develop new structures. For instance, ifa learner has too much training on the structure containing the verb “ be”, he may form the habit of using “ be” when it is not necessary. Inappropriate learning strategies: Learners may use inappropriate strategies in their learning progress and thus cause the fossilizati