文档介绍：颈部的局部解剖与操作
颈部 Neck
概述 introduction
浅层结构 superifical structures
下颌下三角 submandibular triangle
颏下三角 submental triangle
一、概述 Introduction
境界和分区 boundary and regions
表面解剖 surface anatomy
表面标志 surface landmark
体表投影 surface projection
上界:为下颌骨下缘、下颌角、乳突、上项线与枕外隆突的连线。Superiorly:an line linking with the lower border of mandible, the angle of mandible, the mastoid process, the superior nuchal line and the external occipital protuberance;
下界:由胸骨上缘、锁骨和肩峰至第7颈椎棘突的连线。Inferiorly:by the upper border of sternum, the clavicle and a line extending from the acromion to the spine of 7th cervical vertebra.
1. 颈部的境界 boundary of the neck
颈部:分为固有颈部(proper neck)和项部(nape)。
固有颈部:又可分为颈前区anterior region、胸锁乳突肌区sternocleidomastoid region和颈外侧区lateral region。
颈前区:被舌骨hyoid分为舌骨上区suprahyoid region(包括2个下颌下三角和1个颏下三角)和舌骨下区infrahyoid region(包括成对的颈动脉三角和肌三角)。
颈外侧区:被肩胛舌骨肌下腹分为枕三角和锁骨上三角。
surface landmark
Lesser supraclavicular fossa
(Greater) supraclavicular fossa
Suprasternal fossa
表面标志 Surface Landmark
舌骨 Hyhoid(H)
甲状软骨
Thyroid cartilage(T)
喉结节
Laryngeal prominence(P)
环状软骨
Cricoid cartilage (C)
第1气管环
The first tracheal ringe(1)
甲状腺峡 Isthmus(S)
环状软骨(弓)的意义
第6颈椎水平
The level of the 6th cervical vertebra.
喉与气管交界 The junction of the larynx with the trachea.
咽与食管交界 The junction of the pharynx with the esophagus.
The level at which the vertebral artery enters the transverse foramen of the 6th cervical vertebra.
The site at which the carotid artery can be pressed against the carotid tubercle of the 6th cervical vertebra.